Genotoxicity Screening of Industrial Wastewater Using the Allium cepa Chromosome Aberration Assay

El-Shahaby, O. A.; Migid, Hala M. Abdel; Soliman, Mohamed H.; Mashaly, Ibrahim

doi:10.3923/pjbs.2003.23.28

Cited by 54 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Analyses and A/M analyses are highly in demand due to its simple preparation method as well as the ease of availability of materials and equipments. However, the evaluation of CAs is time consuming and facilitated by the use of indicator plant species that have a small number of large chromosomes [21,22], which include A. cepa [26][27][28][29][30][31], Tradescantia sp. [32], C. capillaris [33] and V. faba [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are numerous genotoxicity studies using the A. cepa. Water samples tested are commonly from sewage effluent [26], industrial effluent [27], pharmaceutical effluent [28], industrial wastewater [29], surface water [30] as well as wastewater sludge [31]. Zeng et al [32] studied the pollution levels of three rivers passing through Fuzhou city.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects can only be detected through the application of biological approaches [22][23][24]. The CA [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], Micronucleus (MN) assay [25], Ames test [35][36][37][38], Salmonella assay [39][40][41][42], SOS chromotest [43][44][45], Comet assay [46][47][48][49][50] and organic extraction of XAD with blue rayon [51,52] are discussed. These bioassays serve as a biomarker for the presence of carcinogens in the water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection methods of carcinogens in estuaries: a review

Malakahmad¹,

Manan²,

Sivapalan³

2015

Int. J. SDP

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About 70% of all cancer deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries. Deaths from cancer worldwide are projected to continue to rise over 13.1 million by 2030. Research indicates that estuaries such as rivers and lakes contain various carcinogenic compounds. The carcinogens are transported from the release points to the intake points. To avoid this phenomenon from happening, fast and accurate detection of carcinogen concentrations in water is crucial. This paper presents a review of various detection methods of carcinogenic compounds in watercourses via biological, physical and chemical approaches. Descriptions of the biological procedures such as chromosomal aberration, Micronucleus assay, Ames test, Salmonella assay, SOS chromotest, Comet assay and organic extraction of XAD with blue rayon are discussed. Physical approaches have the integration of automated detections with science and engineering approaches, particularly sensors. Automated optical sensors, submersible ultraviolet fluorometer sensors, photoelectrochemical sensors with the detection of DNA damage and trihalomethanes sensors for the detection of carcinogenic compounds are also reviewed. Chemical approaches consist of the analysis of extraction, purification and identification of organic contaminants using high-technology equipments such as the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Carcinogens can be identified accurately using an appropriate method chosen from the available alternatives. The evaluations of detection methods presented in this review are based on advantages and disadvantages, accuracy, speed and time factor of methods and experimental procedures by previous scholars. This review contributes as guidance to readers on existing methods within different fields and their exclusive applications on different types of carcinogens in water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection methods of carcinogens in estuaries: a review

Malakahmad¹,

Manan²,

Sivapalan³

2015

Int. J. SDP

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“…Test systems with higher plants, such as Allium cepa, are used to study the effects of various environmental samples in order to detect genotoxicity (Teixeira et al, 2003;Fachinetto et al, 2007;Leme & Marin-Morales, 2008). El-Shahaby et al, (2003) viewed the Allium cepa test system as the most adequate to detect toxicity and genotoxicity in order to evaluate environmental pollution levels that pose a direct or indirect risk to the human population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological assessment of irrigation water for vegetables in a watershed region of Greater São Paulo

Lacerda¹,

Asano²,

Morita³

et al. 2014

Ecotoxicol. Environ. Contam.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of irrigation water for vegetables in a Greater São Paulo watershed region. Acute and chronic ecotoxicity bioassays with Dugesia tigrina and Selenastrum capricornutum and geno/mutagenicity assays with Allium cepa were performed, as well as microbiological assays for total and thermotolerant coliforms, according to the legislation. The ecotoxicological data did not show significant toxicity in any of the samples. However, surface water genotoxic effect was detected in 2 out of the 3 points and mutagenic effect in all three sampled points, as well as in the sediment, in the Allium cepa test. Such high prevalence of total and thermotolerant coliforms in all samples at the three points indicates a compromised environmental integrity of the basin due to high loads of organic pollution, probably of clandestine origin. No emissions of industrial origin were detected in the region. Thus, taken together, the results suggest that agricultural activity itself may account for the impacts in these water bodies. The present study represents a contribution to the scarce data available in the literature about this important Greater São Paulo region.

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“…The objective of the work is to determine the nature of cytotoxicity induced by the pollutants in a plant-based system as well as to foresee whether or not the employed plant extracts possess ameliorative potentiality against the cytotoxic effects. An Allium test performed as it is a classical test system for determination of chromosomal aberrations (Barberio et al 2011, Fatma et al 2018, and this test is reported to exhibit identical results as that of mammalian test systems (El-Shahaby et al 2003, Teixeira et al 2003.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Cytotoxicity Induced by Heavy Metal Arsenic Trioxide and Azo-Dye Metanil Yellow in <i>Allium cepa</i> Assay and Aqueous Plant Extracts Mediated Amelioration

et al. 2019

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Allium cepa (2n=16) assay is used to determine cytotoxicity of environmental pollutants like heavy metal arsenic (in the form of arsenic trioxide concentration used: 0.010, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.100 mg L 1 for 24 h duration) and azo-dye metanil yellow (concentration used: 100, 150, 200 and 400 mg L 1 for 24 h duration) with an objective to understand the toxic effects of the test materials on cells and chromosomes of a plant-based system. Assessment of cytotoxicity reveals that arsenic trioxide can induce chromosomal breakages, affects spindle organization and causes cellular metabolic defects; whereas, metanil yellow predominantly affects cellular metabolism. Cytological disturbances are mostly dose-dependent, and arsenic trioxide depicts pronounced effectivity in inducing mitotic aberrations in root tip cells of A. cepa than metanil yellow (in relation to employed doses). Furthermore, aqueous plant extracts (used due to its operational simplicity and cost-effectivity) of the leaf (Coriandrum sativum L., Ocimum tenuiflorum L., and Pteris vittata L.) and seed (Nigella sativa L.) samples are used to ascertain their amelioration potentiality against the environmental toxicants. The ameliorative study (decrement in their observed values) involves attributes like mitotic index, total abnormal dividing cell frequency and frequency of giant and anucleate cells in resting stages. Results suggest that all the employed extracts are ameliorative, and can be explored further for their role in bioremediation.

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Genotoxicity Screening of Industrial Wastewater Using the Allium cepa Chromosome Aberration Assay

Cited by 54 publications

References 22 publications

Detection methods of carcinogens in estuaries: a review

Detection methods of carcinogens in estuaries: a review

Ecotoxicological assessment of irrigation water for vegetables in a watershed region of Greater São Paulo

Assessment of Cytotoxicity Induced by Heavy Metal Arsenic Trioxide and Azo-Dye Metanil Yellow in <i>Allium cepa</i> Assay and Aqueous Plant Extracts Mediated Amelioration

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