Genotoxic impact of long-term cigarette and waterpipe smoking on DNA damage and oxidative stress in healthy subjects

Alsaad, Abdulaziz M.S.; Al-Arifi, Mohammed N.; Maayah, Zaid H.; Attafi, Ibraheem M.; Alanazi, Fawaz E.; Belali, Osamah M; Alhoshani, Ali; Asiri, Yousif A.; Korashy, Hesham M.

doi:10.1080/15376516.2018.1528650

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Oxidative stress reflects a disruption in the balance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidant defences, with the consequence being favourable to oxidants [27]. Both clinical and experimental studies have reported the occurrence of oxidative stress following acute and chronic exposure to WPS [13,14,18,28,29]. In the present study, we show that only AF-WPS inhalation caused a significant increase of 8-isoprostane, a marker of lipid peroxidation, and a decrease of reduced glutathione.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The latter effects can be explained by the occurrence of oxidative stress observed following inhalation of unflavoured (decrease of SOD) and AF-WPS (increase of 8-isoprostane and decrease of both GSH and SOD). Both animal and clinical studies have reported DNA damage and oxidative stress in mice exposed to WPS and healthy subjects who smoke waterpipe [13,28,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Inhalation Triggers Thrombogenicity, Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice: Effects of Flavouring

Al-Salam

Beegam

Yuvaraju

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The consumption of water-pipe smoking (WPS) has been promoted by the use of flavoured tobacco. However, little is known about the impact of flavouring on the cardiovascular toxicity induced by WPS inhalation. Here, we compared the cardiovascular effects and underlying mechanism of actions of plain (P) (unflavoured) versus apple-flavoured (AF) WPS (30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 1 month) in mice. Control mice were exposed to air. Both P- and AF-WPS inhalation induced an increase in systolic blood pressure, thrombogenicity and plasma concentration of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. In heart homogenates, AF-WPS inhalation caused an increase of 8-isoprostane and a decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Nevertheless, P-WPS decreased only the activity of SOD. The concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β were increased only in heart homogenates of mice exposed to AF-WPS. Although both P- and AF-WPS increased the concentration of troponin I in heart homogenates and induced DNA damage, the concentration of cleaved caspase 3 was only increased in mice exposed to AF-WPS. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hearts showed that both P- and AF- WPS inhalation decreased the expression of SOD. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 at nuclear level in the heart was higher in both AF-WPS and P-WPS compared with control group, and the effect observed in AF-WPS group was more significant than that seen in P-WPS group. Likewise, the concentration of heme oxygenase-1 was significantly increased in both P-WPS and AF-WPS groups compared with control group, and the effect seen in AF-group was higher than that observed in P-WPS group. In conclusion, our findings showed that both P- and AF-WPS induce thrombogenicity and cardiac injury, and that this toxicity is potentiated by the presence of flavouring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Inhalation Triggers Thrombogenicity, Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice: Effects of Flavouring

Al-Salam

Beegam

Yuvaraju

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Our work revealed a significant increase in testicular 8-OHdG after WPS exposure, an action that was significantly reversed by concomitant treatment with nootkatone. It has recently been confirmed that the use of WPS in healthy humans significantly increases this DNA damage marker [31]. Moreover, the histological examination of testes revealed that WPS induces alteration of spermatogenesis and that nootkatone treatment ameliorated this effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Testicular Toxicity of Water Pipe Smoke Exposure in Mice and the Effect of Treatment with Nootkatone Thereon

Ali

Al-Salam

Adham

et al. 2019

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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There is a worldwide increase in the popularity of water pipe (shisha) tobacco smoking including in Europe and North America. However, little is known about the effects of water pipe smoke (WPS) exposure on male reproductivity. We have recently demonstrated that WPS exposure in mice induces testicular toxicity including inflammation and oxidative stress. Nootkatone, a sesquiterpenoid found in grapefruit, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the possible protective effect of nootkatone on WPS-induced testicular toxicity has not been reported before. Here, we tested the effects of treatment of mice with nootkatone on WPS-induced testicular toxicity. Mice were exposed to normal air or WPS (30 minutes/day, for 30 days). Nootkatone (90 mg/kg) was given orally to mice by gavage, 1 h before WPS or air exposure. Nootkatone treatment significantly ameliorated the WPS-induced increase in plasma levels of inhibin, uric acid, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Nootkatone also significantly mitigated the decrease in testosterone, androgen-binding protein, and estradiol concentrations in the plasma induced by WPS. In testicular homogenates, WPS exposure caused a decrease in the total nitric oxide level and an increase in the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β level and oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde, cytochrome C, and 8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine. All the latter effects were significantly alleviated by nootkatone treatment. Moreover, in testicular homogenate, nootkatone inhibited the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB induced by WPS. Likewise, histological examination of mouse testes showed that nootkatone treatment ameliorated the deterioration of spermatogenesis induced by WPS exposure. We conclude that nootkatone ameliorated the WPS-induced testicular inflammation and oxidative stress and hormonal and spermatogenesis alterations.

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“…In agreement with the health risks identified to date, analytical examination of the components in WP smoke include a mixture of chemicals with known or suspected disease-causative agents that closely resemble those found in cigarette smoke (CS), and in many cases at higher concentrations 20 21. Indeed, WP is estimated to deliver to cells and tissues a similar group of toxicants that are known to dysregulate cell molecular mechanisms, including DNA repair and methylation 22–26. Herein, we investigated the effects of lung health using a murine model by analysing inflammation and pulmonary function after chronic WP exposure for 6 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Immune modulation by chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke and immediate-early gene regulation in murine lungs

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveWe investigated the effects of chronic waterpipe (WP) smoke on pulmonary function and immune response in a murine model using a research-grade WP and the effects of acute exposure on the regulation of immediate-early genes (IEGs).MethodsWP smoke was generated using three WP smoke puffing regimens based on the Beirut regimen. WP smoke samples generated under these puffing regimens were quantified for nicotine concentration. Mice were chronically exposed for 6 months followed by assessment of pulmonary function and airway inflammation. Transcriptomic analysis using RNAseq was conducted after acute exposure to characterise the IEG response. These biomarkers were then compared with those generated after exposure to dry smoke (without water added to the WP bowl).ResultsWe determined that nicotine composition in WP smoke ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 mg per puffing session. The lung immune response was sensitive to the incremental severity of chronic exposure, with modest decreases in airway inflammatory cells and chemokine levels compared with air-exposed controls. Pulmonary function was unmodified by chronic WP exposure. Acute WP exposure was found to activate the immune response and identified known and novel IEG as potential biomarkers of WP exposure.ConclusionChronic exposure to WP smoke leads to immune suppression without significant changes to pulmonary function. Transcriptomic analysis of the lung after acute exposure to WP smoke showed activation of the immune response and revealed IEGs that are common to WP and dry smoke, as well as pools of IEGs unique to each exposure, identifying potential biomarkers specific to WP exposure.

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Genotoxic impact of long-term cigarette and waterpipe smoking on DNA damage and oxidative stress in healthy subjects

Cited by 34 publications

References 56 publications

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Inhalation Triggers Thrombogenicity, Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice: Effects of Flavouring

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Inhalation Triggers Thrombogenicity, Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice: Effects of Flavouring

Testicular Toxicity of Water Pipe Smoke Exposure in Mice and the Effect of Treatment with Nootkatone Thereon

Immune modulation by chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke and immediate-early gene regulation in murine lungs

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