Genotoxic evaluation
for the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone

Makawy, Aida I. El; Hassanane, M. S.; Alla, El-Sayed A.M. Abd

doi:10.1051/rnd:2001114

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The increases were associated with a reduction of the mitotic index only at the two highest concentrations. El-Makawy et al (2001) evaluated the genotoxic effects of zearalenone administered i.p. In cells treated with 5, 10 and 20 µM of zearalenone a dose-dependent induction of micronuclei was reported.…”

Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food

2011

EFSA Journal

345

142

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Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species. It is commonly found in maize but can be found also in other crops such as wheat, barley, sorghum and rye. The European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority to review the safety of zearalenone and the risk to consumers of a possible increase of the maximum level (ML) for zearalenone in breakfast cereals. A total of 13,075 analytical results obtained on food samples and 9,877 results on unprocessed grains sampled by 19 European countries in 2005-2010 were used in the evaluation. The highest concentrations of zearalenone were reported for wheat bran, corn and products thereof (e.g. corn flour, cornflakes). Grains and grain-based foods, in particular grains and grain milling products, bread and fine bakery wares, made the largest contribution to the estimated zearalenone exposures. Vegetable oils also made an important contribution to the zearalenone exposure. The critical effects of zearalenone result from its oestrogenic activity. Based on recent data in the most sensitive animal species, the pig, and taking into account comparisons between pigs and humans, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for zearalenone of 0.25 μg/kg b.w. Estimates of chronic dietary exposure to zearalenone based on the available occurrence data are below or in the region of the TDI for all age groups and not a health concern. A potential increase in the ML for zearalenone in breakfast cereals from 50 µg/kg to 75, 100, 125 or 150 µg/kg is unlikely to result in a chronic dietary exposure exceeding the TDI. In a worst case scenario it is possible that an individual could consume the same batch of breakfast cereal containing zearalenone at the ML every day for 2 to 4 weeks, in which case exposures may exceed the TDI.

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Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food

2011

EFSA Journal

345

142

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“…A single dose of zearalenone induced testicular germ cell apoptosis in rats in a time-dependent and stage-specific pattern resulting in germ cell depletion and testicular atrophy [38]. Zearalenone is also cytotoxic to male mice [50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Panax ginseng, zearalenol, and estradiol on sperm function

Gray

Lackey

Boone

2016

Journal of Ginseng Research

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BackgroundEstrogen signaling pathways are modulated by exogenous factors. Panax ginseng exerts multiple activities in biological systems and is classified as an adaptogen. Zearalenol is a potent mycoestrogen that may be present in herbs and crops arising from contamination or endophytic association. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of P. ginseng, zearalenol and estradiol in tests on spermatozoal function.MethodsThe affinity of these compounds for estrogen receptor (ER)—alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ)—was assessed in receptor binding assays. Functional tests on boar spermatozoa motility, movement and kinematic parameters were conducted using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. Tests for capacitation, acrosome reaction (AR), and chromatin decondensation in spermatozoa were performed using microscopic analysis.ResultsZearalenol—but not estradiol (E2)- or ginseng-treated spermatozoa—decreased the percentage of overall, progressive, and rapid motile cells. Zearalenol also decreased spontaneous AR and increased chromatin decondensation. Ginseng decreased chromatin decondensation in response to calcium ionophore and decreased AR in response to progesterone (P4) and ionophore.ConclusionZearalenol has adverse effects on sperm motility and function by targeting multiple signaling cascades, including P4, E2, and calcium pathways. Ginseng protects against chromatin damage and thus may be beneficial to reproductive fitness.

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“…93 ZEN ve metabolitlerinin DNA katım ürünleri ve DNA lezyonları-nın oluşumunu artırdığı, mikroçekirdek ve DNA hata oluşum sıklığını artırdığı in vivo (fare kemik iliği hücreleri) ve in vitro (Çin hamster ovaryum hücreleri, Vero, DOK ve Caco-2 hücreleri) birçok çalışmada rapor edilmiştir. 88,[94][95][96][97] ZEN ve metabolitlerinin genotoksik etkilerinin, kromozom aberasyon testi ile karşılaştırıldığı bir diğer araş-tırmada; ZEN ve α-zearelenol (ZOL)'un β-ZOL'ye göre daha fazla DNA hasarına neden olduğu in vivo (Balb/c fareleri) ve in vitro (İnsan servikal karsinoma hücreleri, HeLa) olarak gösterilmiştir. 98 ZEN ve metabolitlerinin (α-ZOL ve β-ZOL) insan meme bezlerinde östrojen reseptörlerini uyardığı, çeşitli proteinlerin ekspresyonunu düzenleyerek apoptozu inhibe ettiği ve meme karsinoma hücreleri-nin (MCFF-7) proliferasyonunu artırdığına ilişkin çalışmalar mevcut olsa da IARC tarafından Grup III karsinojen olarak listelenmiştir.…”

Section: Zearalenonlarunclassified

Genotoxic Effects of Mycotoxins: Review

Beci̇t¹,

Aydın²,

Baydar³

2017

Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharm Sci

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senobiyotiklere maruziyet sonucunda DNA'da meydana gelen kalıcı değişikliklere "mutasyon" denir. Mutasyon, genotoksik etkinin nihai bir sonucudur. DNA molekülünde oluşan başlıca primer DNA hasarları; DNA sarmalındaki tek ve çift iplik kırıklarını, DNA bazları ve proTurkiye Klinikleri J Pharm Sci 2017;6(2):59-76 59Mikotoksinlerin Genotoksik Etkileri Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Mikotoksinler, hem insan ve hayvan sağlığına olumsuz etkilere hem de ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaları açısından önemli riskler taşımaktadır. Mikotoksinlere maruziyet, asıl olarak kontamine yem ve gıdaların tüketilmesi ile olup, inhalasyon veya dermal yolla da temas söz konusu olabilmektedir. Mikotoksinler insan sağlığı üzerinde karaciğer, böbrek, bağışıklık, üreme ve gelişme sistemi gibi birçok organ ve sistemi olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmekte, düşük doz ancak kronik maruziyetlerinde özellikle genotoksik ve karsinojenik etkileri ile kansere yol açabilmektedir. Gı-dalarda önemli risk oluşturan mikotoksinler arasında Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium ve Alternaria türlerinin oluşturduğu metabolitler yer almaktadır. Bu metabolitler arasında aflatoksinler, okratoksinler, zearalenon, trikotesenler, fusarium ve yeni keşfedilen fusarium mikotoksinler, patulin, alternaria toksinleri ve ergot alkaloitleri yer almaktadır. Günümüzde bazı mikotoksinlerin genotoksik olduğu artık bilinmektedir. Mikotoksinlerin genotoksik etki mekanizmalarına yönelik araştırmalar halen devam etmektedir. Her ne kadar in vitro çalışmalarda bazı mikotoksinlerin genotoksik etkileri gösterilmiş olsa da bu etkilerin in vivo koşullarla desteklenmesi, etki mekanizmalarının aydınlatılması ve epidemiyolojik çalışmalarla daha ileri değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu derleme makalesinde, ekonomik kayıplara yol açan, toplum ve hayvan sağlığı için riskleri olan ve gıda kirleticileri olarak sık karşılaşılan mikotoksinlerin neden olduğu genetik hasarlardan ve bu hasarın olası mekanizmalarından bahsedilecektir.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Aflatoksinler; mutajenler; okratoksinler; mikotoksinler; patulin; mutajenlik testleri; fusarium; alternaria; ergotamin A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T Mycotoxins have significant risks in terms of their adverse effects on human and animal health and causing serious economic losses. Exposure to mycotoxins is primarily through the consumption of contaminant feed and food, which may be through the inhalation or dermal route. Mycotoxins can adversely affect many organs and systems such as liver, kidney, immune system, reproductive and developmental system on human health. In low dose but chronic exposures, especially it can cause cancer with genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Mycotoxins reveal significant risks in terms of both adverse effects on human and animal health and serious economic loss. Mycotoxins, which have significant risks in food, include metabolites of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria species, These metabolites include aflatoxins, ochratoxins, zearalenone, tricothecenes, fusarium and emerged fusarium mycotoxins...

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Genotoxic evaluation for the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone

Cited by 37 publications

References 27 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food

Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food

Effects of Panax ginseng, zearalenol, and estradiol on sperm function

Genotoxic Effects of Mycotoxins: Review

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