Genotoxic effects of some organophosphorus pesticides. III. In vivo chromosomal aberration bioassay in root meristems of Allium and Hordeum.

Grover, I. S.; Malhi, P.K.

doi:10.1508/cytologia.53.181

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…From the results in Tables 4 and 5, it was obvious that the physiological type abnormalities constituted the majority of the total aberrations whereas the chromosomal aberrations represented by a small percentage and the total aberrations, on contrast. Grover and Malhi (1988) and Nagpal and Grover (1994) classified the abnormalities induced by pesticides into 2 groups, physiological type aberration group such C-mitosis, despiralization, depolymerization, lagging chromosomes, multipolar cells and clastogenic effects group (chromosome breaks or fragments, bridges and micronuclei). In this respect, the chromosomal aberrations (clastogenic type) are considered as reliable indicators of mutational change and are used as reliable evidence for screening the mutational activity (Kihlman 1975).…”

Section: Effect On Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Action of Atrazine Herbicide as an Inhibitor of Cell Division on Chromosomes and Nucleic Acids Content in Root Meristems of Allium cepa and Vicia faba.

2000

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The present investigation was carried out to study the cytological effects of the herbicide atrazine on Allium cepa and Vicia faba with respect to the cell cycle response , mitotic index, chromosome aberrations and nucleic acids content. The root of young seedlings of V. faba and adventitious roots of A. cepa were treated with the following concentrations: 25% , 50%, 75% and 100% of the recommended dose (3.75 g/l) for 4, 8, 12, 24 h. The results indicated that atrazine herbicide reduced the mitotic division in both plants compared to the respective control. Mitotic index values were progressively decreased with increased the concentration and treatment time. In V. faba, the treatment with the concentration of 100% for each treatment time (4, 8, 12, 24 h) was toxic , but in A. cepa, the same concentration with 24 h was only toxic. The percentage of the reduction in MI values in V. faba was higher than that in A. cepa. Also, it has been clearly observed that the inhibition of mitotic division was associated with reduction in DNA and RNA contents in both treated plants root tips. This may point out that the inhibition of mitotic activity is due to a deficiency of DNA in the nucleus. The increased percentage of prophase in both plants was accompanied by decreased percentages of the other mitotic phase. The total percentage of aberrations increased with the increasing the concentration of atrazine herbicide and the period of treatment. The total percentage of aberrations in A. cepa was higher than that in V faba for each treatment. Different abnormal mitotic figures were observed in all mitotic phases. Such types of abnormalities were stickiness , lagging, C-mitosis, bridges, irregular prophase, unequal distribution, fragments and a few cells with micronucleus at interphase stage.

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Section: Effect On Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Action of Atrazine Herbicide as an Inhibitor of Cell Division on Chromosomes and Nucleic Acids Content in Root Meristems of Allium cepa and Vicia faba.

2000

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“…Aberrations which may be explained by chromosomal/chromatid breaks or their consequences were categorized as clastogenic abnormal. On the other hand, abnormalities which may be due to effects of other than chromosome/chromatid breaks or their consequences were categorized as physiological abnormalities (Grover and Malhi 1988).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal Aberrations and Spermhead Abnormalities Induced by Abamectin (Avermectin B1) and its Degradates in Male Swiss Albino Mice.

Salama¹,

Fahmi²,

El-Ghar³

1995

CYTOLOGIA

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Avermectins are a complex of chemically related naturally occurring macrocyclic lactones which first isolated as a natural fermentation product of a soil actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis, in 1976 (Burg et al. 1979). The naturally occurring avermectins can be separated into four homologous pairs, of which one, abamectin (avermectin B1), which consists of 80% of avermectin B1a and 20% of avermectin B1b has been developed for use against arthropod pests of horticulture and agronomic crops (Dybas and Green 1984). Currently, it is rapidly worldwide growing in usage for many agronomic crops. They are potent chemotherapeutic agents against animal parasitic nematodes and many veterinary and agricultural arthropod pests (Putter et al. 1981, Campbell et al. 1983, Lasota and Dybas 1991). Abamectin increases calcium permeability to chloride ions, which is independent of the neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated chloride ion channels (Calcott and Fatig 1984). The compounds' mechanism of toxicity in mammals is unknown but GABA is a mammalian central nervous system neurotransmitter and effects on GABA may be relevant to their safety in mammals (Lankas and Gordon 1989). Carcinogenicity studies with abamectin at maximum tolerated dosage levels for 22 and 24 months duration in mice and rats, respectively, have demonstrated the lack of carcinogenicity of this compound (Lanks and Gordon 1989). Also they showed the lack of genotoxic activity of abamectin in a variety of assays. Abamectin degradates were tested and found to have no adverse maternal and developmental effects in CF 1 mouse, the laboratory species/strain most sensitive to abamectin toxicity. In addition, the degradates from photolysis of thin films were negative in the microbial mutogenesis assay (Crouch et al. 1992). The specific objectives of the present study were; (1) to estimate the percentage of mitotic abnormalities in male mice bone marrow cells induced by abamectin and its degradates, (2) to measure the amount of spermhead abnormalities in male mice caused by abamectin. Materials and methods Chemical Commercially available sample of abamectin, as 'Avermectin B1', 1.8% wt/vol emulsifiable concentrate, produced by Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Three Bridge, N. J., USA., was used in the bioassays. The chemical structure is a mixture of homologous products with a minimum of 80% B1a and a maximum of 20% B1b components. The B1b component differs chemically from the B1a component by only 1 methylene (CH2) unit at the 26-carbon position; the ethyl group (C2H5) is a methyl group in the B1b form. The compound's dilutions were made in distilled water.

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“…Star chromosomes was less frequently found even with increased concentrations, which is believed to be a fore step of complete disturbances of spindle (Anthony and Hussey 1999). C Metaphase was the evidence of the action of pesticides on mitotic spindle (Grover and Malhi 1988). A considerable proportion of nuclear lesions can be recorded most of which may be due to the dis integration of a portion of nuclear material by the action of pesticides (Omanakumari et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of Synthetic Pesticide "Attack" on Root Meristems of <I>Allium cepa</I> L.

Soumya¹,

Teena²,

Sudha³

2016

sijbs

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Generally in agriculture farmers use pesticides to increase their yield by reducing crop losses by pests. Some chemical compounds used pesticides are mutagens. Present study evaluated the cytotoxic effect of synthetic pesticide "Attack" which is used instead of "Furadan"on root meristems of Allium cepa L. as a test system. The root meristems of A. cepa L. were treated with five concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) of the chemical pesticide "Attack" for 6 h duration. Exposure to different concentrations of pesticide showed an inhibitory effect on cell division in root tip cells of A. cepa and caused a general decline in Mitotic Index values. Additionally, a wide range of abnormal mitotic stages, were detected in treated cells when compared to control. The total percentage of aberrations generally increased in a dose dependant manner. Among these, frequently observed chromosomal abnormalities were despiralized prophase, disoriented prophase, vagrant prophase, diagonal metaphase, C-metaphase, vagrant metaphase, clumped metaphase, star anaphase, diagonal anaphase, anaphase with two bridges and with multiple bridges, aticky anaphase, telophase stickiness, hyperchromasia, bi-nucleate and 4 nucleate cells and micronucleus. The results of the present study clearly proved the sensitivity of Allium test and hence substantiate its use as a cytogenetic assay to assess the cytogenetic effect of chemical widely used as pesticides. The cytotoxic pesticides have potential to cause adverse environmental and health effects by inducing chromosomal abnormalities leading to mutations.

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Genotoxic effects of some organophosphorus pesticides. III. In vivo chromosomal aberration bioassay in root meristems of Allium and Hordeum.

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

The Action of Atrazine Herbicide as an Inhibitor of Cell Division on Chromosomes and Nucleic Acids Content in Root Meristems of Allium cepa and Vicia faba.

The Action of Atrazine Herbicide as an Inhibitor of Cell Division on Chromosomes and Nucleic Acids Content in Root Meristems of Allium cepa and Vicia faba.

Chromosomal Aberrations and Spermhead Abnormalities Induced by Abamectin (Avermectin B1) and its Degradates in Male Swiss Albino Mice.

Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of Synthetic Pesticide "Attack" on Root Meristems of <I>Allium cepa</I> L.

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