Genotoxic Effect of Heavy Metals Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn using Allium cepa L.

Abstract

Angiosperms are recognized as appropriate genetic models to detect heavy metal based environmental mutagens and are used in monitoring studies. Allium cepa (onion) has been used to evaluate DNA damages like chromosome aberrations and abnormalities in the mitotic cycle. The aim of the present study is to analyze the cytotoxic effects of chromium, copper, lead and zinc in A. cepa root tip squash mitotic cell divisions. The root tips were treated with three concentrations, viz. 5, 10 and 20 mg/100 ml of chromium, copper, lead and zinc at room temperature for 24 h. Mitotic indices and chromosomal abnormalities were calculated. It was observed that these heavy metals induced different types of chromosomal abnormalities comprising of Chromosome break, Chromosome bridge, C-mitosis, Vagrant, Delayed Anaphase and Vagrant, Chromosome Loss, Polyploidy and Chromosome Bridge, Chromosome Loss and Loculated Nucles, Stickiness, Multipolarity and Polyploid prophase along with the increasing doses. The effect of chromium and lead at 20 mg/100 ml concentration was found to be more toxic rather than copper and zinc to the root meristem of A. cepa. The ranking of cytotoxic potentials was in the descending order: lead > chromium > copper > zinc.

Assessment of Cytotoxicity and Cellular Apoptosis Induced by Azo-Dyes (Methyl Orange and Malachite Green) and Heavy Metals (Cadmium and Lead) Using <i>Nigella sativa</i> L. (Black Cumin)

“…On comparative basis of unique doses, mitotic index reduced in the following order of Pb Cd MO MG. Retardation of plant cell entering cell division phases due to exposure of azo-dyes (Dwivedi and Kumar 2015) and heavy metals (Barbosa et al 2010, Pandey and Upadhy- Azo-dyes Control 0 825 8.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Methyl orange 2.5 1130 5.84 0.00 4.55 0.00 4.55 3.03 0.00 1.52 0.00 0.00 13.64 0.47 0.85 5 842 4.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.86 5.71 2.86 2.86 5.71 0.00 20.00 0.00 3.04 10 721 2.50 0.00 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 0.00 5.56 0.00 0. Aslam et al 2014, Abubacker andSathya 2017) can decrease the level of the mitotic index. Mitotic metaphase cells of control show 2n=12 chromosomes (Fig.…”

Determination of Cytotoxic Impact of Heavy Metals on Plant Cells Using <i.Allium cepa</i> (Onion)

“…Allium cepa L. bulbs were cultivated using soil digest from each sample, following the previously described method. Between 24-72 hours, the roots matured for cytotoxic analysis, employing the standard procedure outlined by Mehmet and Abubakar (Mehmet, 2016;Abubacker and Sathya, 2017;Obidi Njoku and Akinmolayan, 2017).…”

Estimation of DNA damage in the roots of Allium cepa exposed to heavy metals using comet assay

“…Standard solutions of the four metals cadmium, zinc, copper and lead were prepared for the following concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 25) ppm. Depending to the study by Abubacker et al 10 , as well as a sample of contaminated water was taken and prepared with two concentrations, diluted with a concentration of 50 ppm and an undiluted sample utilizing the law of mitigation, By dividing the final volume by the volume taken, one may calculate the number of dilutions. Also, standard solutions of the preservative sodium benzoate were prepared for the following concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 500) ppm Depending on the study Kostadinova et al 11 .…”