Genotoxic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic hazards in the marine environment, with special reference to the Mediterranean Sea

Flora, Silvio De; Bagnasco, Maria; Zanacchi, P.

doi:10.1016/0165-1110(91)90013-l

Cited by 101 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…In recent years, increasing emphasis has been placed on the evaluation of the causal relationships between contaminant exposure and observable biological effects in aquatic organisms (De Flora et al 1991). Fish pathologies are increasingly being used as indicators of environmental contamination since they provide a definite biological end-point of historical exposure (Matthiessen et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological alterations in Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis, from a polluted Huelva estuary (SW, Spain)

Oliva

Martorell

Riaño

et al. 2012

Fish Physiol Biochem

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As a component of a large research project to evaluate the effects of contaminants on fish health in the field, histopathological studies have been conducted to help establish causal relationship between pollutants (heavy metals and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbonsPAHs) and histopathological responses in Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis, from an estuary of SW Spain. Heavy metals (As, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Fe) and 16 PAHs (proprietary USEPA) concentrations in water, sediment and tissues (liver and gills) and histopathological alterations in S. senegalensis from three sampling sites of Ria de Huelva estuary during 2004-2006 years have been analysed. The histopathological studies revealed seasonal and spatial differences in the lesion grade of alterations observing the highest lesion grades in fish from Odiel River and autumn season. No significant differences were observed in the alterations prevalence between sampling sites, but significant differences were observed between seasons observing the highest prevalence in autumn season. However, calculated IPAT demonstrated a lowmoderate impact of pollutants on health fish. Correlations between histopathological alterations and pollutants analysed were observed being heavy metals the group that presented a major number of correlations with alterations in several organs of S. senegalensis. In evaluating the general health of fish, the use of histopathological studies in recommended for making more reliable assessment of biochemical responses in fish exposed to a variety of environmental stressors. Statistical analysis using semiquantitative data on pathological lesions can help to establish correlation between cause (stressor) and effect (biomarker).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological alterations in Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis, from a polluted Huelva estuary (SW, Spain)

Oliva

Martorell

Riaño

et al. 2012

Fish Physiol Biochem

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“…The other is to score for genotoxic effects in animals or plants that can be exposed in situ, in their natural environment, i.e. without the need of prior concentration or extraction procedures of the test media (for a recent review, see De Flora et al, 1991).…”

Section: Presence Of Genotoxins In the Environment: The Development Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects of genotoxins (eco-genotoxicology)

1992

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Genotoxic chemicals can damage the genetic material of humans as well as that of organisms living in the environment. With respect to adverse effects, alterations induced in the germ line, leading to alterations in the genetic make-up of populations, are of primary concern in ecosystems, because somatic changes, even if they lead to a loss of individuals, will not be critical in populations with a large reproductive surplus. This is different in human toxicology where genetic alterations in germ cells as well as in somatic cells of any individual are of concern. Increased frequencies of mutations and related genetic alterations in the gene pools of individual species or populations in ecosystems have to be judged against the background of spontaneous mutations that have enabled species to survive and adapt in changing environments since the beginning of life on our planet, and which have played an important role as the substrate for evolutionary developments. Examples of the selection of altered phenotypes (and genotypes) in response to environmental pollution and environmental stress are melanism in moth populations, metal resistance in plants, insecticide resistance in insects and malaria resistance in humans. Pollution, in general, can represent a stress factor selectively leading to a change in genetic make-up. In addition, environmental genotoxins can directly alter gene pools. A change in the genetic constitution may be advantageous for certain populations living in stressful conditions, but may present a disadvantage for others, including man. Examples are (i) the induction of (pesticide) resistance, (ii) the increased virulence of pathogens, (iii) alterations of host ranges of pathogenic forms or the appearance of new virus types and (iv) subtle changes in parasite-host or predator-prey relationships. Basically the release of genotoxins into the environment should be avoided because massive exposures may affect the reproductive capacity of many species, and modest exposures may lead to an enhanced instability of ecosystems and may provoke specific adaptations to stressful situations. Furthermore, the uncontrolled presence of genotoxins in any compartment of the natural environment is an unwanted situation, in particular also from a human point of view. In addition we need novel quantitative approaches in order to make quantitative risk estimates possible.

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“…About 15% of the total amount of dye is lost during the dyeing production process and released in wastewater effluents (Slokar & Le Marechal, 1998). Several classes of dyes are considered as possible carcinogens or mutagens that threaten the entire ecosystem (Flora, Bagnaco, & Zanacchi, 1991). Besides this, the presence of these colored compounds, even in trace quantities, is highly undesirable, as it can block both sunlight penetration and oxygen dissolution, which are essential for aquatic life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Photocatalytic Removal of Methylene Blue From Seawater Under Natural Sunlight Using Carbon-Modified n-TiO2 Nanoparticles

Shaban¹

2013

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In this study, photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) from natural seawater was examined using carbon-modified titanium oxide (CM-n-TiO 2 ) nanoparticles under illumination of real sunlight. CM-n-TiO 2 nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency compared to unmodified n-TiO 2 . Photocatalytic removal studies were carried out at different initial dye concentrations (5-30 µM), catalyst dose (0.5-1.5 gL -1 ), and pH (3-9). The highest removal rate of MB was obtained at the optimal conditions of pH 8 and 1.0 gL -1 of CM-n-TiO 2 . The solar photocatalytic removal of MB from seawater using CM-n-TiO 2 obeyed a pseudo-first order kinetics according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.

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Genotoxic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic hazards in the marine environment, with special reference to the Mediterranean Sea

Cited by 101 publications

References 146 publications

Histopathological alterations in Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis, from a polluted Huelva estuary (SW, Spain)

Histopathological alterations in Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis, from a polluted Huelva estuary (SW, Spain)

Environmental effects of genotoxins (eco-genotoxicology)

Enhanced Photocatalytic Removal of Methylene Blue From Seawater Under Natural Sunlight Using Carbon-Modified n-TiO2 Nanoparticles

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