Genotoxic and mito-depressive effects of food preservatives on root meristems of barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.)

Abstract

For human beings food is the basic source of energy. Food preservatives are essentially a class of food additives used in food processing which limit the growth of dangerous microbes and extend the lifespan of food. The toxic effects of elevated concentration of food preservatives beyond their optimum level of use in foods were recorded by conducting an in vivo experiment in root meristems of Hordeum vulgare L. with the implementation of Sodium benzoate (SB) and Boric acid (BA). Four variable concentrations of food preservatives viz. 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% were taken and treatment was given for 3 hours. Both preservatives impart various mito-depressive effects and abnormal chromosomal behaviour at all the treated concentrations in root meristems of Hordeum vulgare L. As concentration of doses increases, the active mitotic index (AMI) decreases and the phenomenon of chromosomal aberrations increases. The prevalent abnormalities reported were scattering, c-mitosis at metaphase and bridges at anaphase while stickiness, unorientation, laggards, etc. were also recorded. The result of present investigation elucidated that BA being a preservative imparts greater genotoxic anomalies in contrast to SB which affects to a lesser extent.

Effect of Ferrous Gluconate on Chromosomal Abnormality Index of Allium Cepa Root Tip

“…In parallel with these studies, it was determined that chromosomal aberration index increased due to increasing in dose and treatment period by treating different concentration of ferrous gluconate at different periods. Similar to these researches, it was reported that it has been observed chromosomal aberrations such as C-mitosis (Nunes et al, 2017;Kumar and Pandey, 2015;Türkoğlu, 2013Türkoğlu, , 2009Türkoğlu, , 20072008;Dwivedi and Kumar, 2007;Gömürgen, 2004), laggard chromosome Kumar, 2015, 2017;Kumar and Pandey, 2015;Türkoğlu, 2013Türkoğlu, , 2008Türkoğlu, , 2007 in mitotic cells. In addition to these aberrations, some other aberrations (polar shifting, equatorial table shifting etc.)…”

“…Tripathy and Rao (2015) found that orange red food colorant caused mitotic aberrations in A. cepa L. root tip cells. It was determined that chromosomal aberration index increased at the root tip, when applied with sunset yellow azo dye (Dwivedi and Kumar, 2015); benzoate and boric acid (Kumar and Pandey, 2015); sodium nitrate, butylated hydroxyanisole, sorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene and propyl gallate (Pandey et al, 2014). Pandey et al (2014) found that the total percentage of chromosomal aberrations increased with increasing dose and treatment time.…”

Cytotoxic and Mito depressive potential of Sunset Yellow FCF on Chara vulgaris (n=28)

“…A permitted food dye Brilliant Blue FCF was also able to induce scattering in Allium cepa (Yadav et al, 2004). In addition, the scattering of chromo-some was also reported by Kumar et al, (2015) in root meristem of Barley by some food preservatives . Grouping of chromosomes (Fig.…”

Evaluation of cytotoxic effect of ferrous gluconate on Allium cepa root tip

“…Marques et al (2015a) treated root tips with food sweeteners fors 24 and 48 hours and stated that these sweeteners have cytotoxic effects. It was indicated that sunset yellow (Dwivedi and Kumar, 2015); benzoate and boric acid (Kumar and Pandey, 2015) has cytotoxic effect. When root tips were treated with food preservatives such as butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, sorbic acid, propyl gallate and sodium nitrate (Pandey et al, 2014), it was determined that the mitotic index decreased with increasing concentration.…”