Genotoxic and hematological parameters in Colossoma macropomum (Pisces, Serrasalmidae) as biomarkers for environmental impact assessment in a protected area in northeastern Brazil

Abstract

Genotoxic and hematological parameters in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a native freshwater fish, were used as biomarkers to assess exposure to environmental stressors within the Maracanã Protected Area of Maranhão State, Brazil. Fish were sampled at two sites-Serena Lagoon (control) and Ambude River-on four occasions (dry and rainy season), and biometric data (length and weight) recorded and blood collected from all fish for analysis. Erythrocyte indices-mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration-were calculated. Blood samples were stained with Giemsa and acridine orange, and microscopically examined for micronuclei and morphological nuclear abnormalities. Micronuclei were observed in fish from both sites, although the frequency was significantly higher in fish from the Ambude River and morphological nuclear abnormalities were only observed in fish from the Ambude River. More morphological nuclear abnormalities and a larger number of micronuclei were observed in erythrocytes stained with acridine orange compared with those stained with Giemsa. On average, erythrocyte indices were lower in fish from the Ambude River than from the Serena Lagoon. The results confirm that genotoxic and hematological parameters in C. macropomum can be used as indicators of environmental health and could be valuable tools for monitoring environmental conditions within protected areas.

Reproductive aspects of freshwater fishes exposed to pesticide-contamined environments: A systematic review

“…In general, small-sized fish with short reproductive cycles, such as those most used in the studies described here, have been targeted in analyses and the development of specific protocols for toxicological tests that evaluate the potential of a chemical to negatively affect fish through endocrine dysregulation, mainly associated with reproduction but also secondarily by affecting growth, development, and survival (USEPA, 2009;Flynn et al, 2018). However, native species that are already being used in studies with biomarkers of aquatic contamination, such as tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) (Carvalho-Neta et al, 2015), do not appear in the studies analyzed here that focus on the effects of pesticide residues on reproductive processes. Although it is not a small species and has a single spawning event, studies with this and other species that occur naturally in environments impacted by agricultural pesticides are important for evaluating the real effects of contaminants on animal health and the continuity of natural stock renewal.…”

Altera��es Genot�xicas Como Biomarcadores Em Peixes De Uma �rea Protegida Do Sul Do Maranh�o

“…As diversas alterações genotóxicas encontradas nas células sanguíneas de organismos aquáticos, tais como os peixes, podem indicar um estado fisiológico e bioquímico comprometido (Adedeji, Adeyemo & Agbede, 2009). Contudo, apesar da ocorrência de MN e AMN nos peixes (piau cabeça-gorda e cascudo) amostrados nas cachoeiras de São Romão e da Prata, foi possível compreender que a quantidade de alterações não foi elevada em comparação aos valores encontrados para outras UC do Estado do Maranhão (Pinheiro-Sousa, Almeida & Carvalho Neta, 2013;Carvalho-Neta et al, 2015;Pinheiro-Sousa, 2015). Dessa forma, apesar da baixa frequência de AMN e MN, sugere-se que as cachoeiras de São Romão e da Prata ainda não sofrem com fontes pontuais de poluição.…”

“…Os corpos aquáticos recebem uma infinidade de efluentes, contaminantes e misturas químicas complexas (Barkhordar, Valizadeh, Bagheri, Taherimirghaed & Hedayati, 2013) que interagem constantemente com os organismos que residem nesses ambientes. Nesse contexto, os testes de genotoxicidade são indispensáveis para estudos de biomonitoramento, pois avaliam o grau dos impactos e as respostas biológicas nos organismos aquáticos (WHO, 1993;Carvalho-Neta et al, 2015;Pinheiro-Sousa, 2015).…”

A “Zero-Cost” Adsorbing Hydroxyapatite-Based Material from Amazon Fishery Waste for Water Remediation and Nutrient Release for Agriculture

“…Hence, a conspicuous quantity of "zero"-cost materials is potentially available every year for the extraction of natural, mostly non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite [51]. As for Brazil, a fish known as Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) has dominated fishing and fish farming for the last few years [52,53]. Indeed, total Tambaqui production amounted to 262,370 tons, corresponding to a 31.2% share of the Brazilian domestic fish market, in 2019.…”