Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Phyto-Fabricated from the Obscure Morning Glory Plant Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl

Abstract

The study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant, genotoxic, and cytotoxic potentialities of phyto-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) from Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. aqueous leaf extract. The UV-visible spectral analysis of the ZnO-NPs showed an absorption peak at 304 nm with a bandgap energy of 3.54 eV, which are characteristics of zinc nanoparticles. Moreover, the particles were of nano-size (~24.26 nm) with 88.11% purity and were agglomerated as observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs offered radical scavenging activity (RSA) in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.45 mg mL−1. In addition, the genotoxicity studies of ZnO-NPs carried out on onion root tips revealed that the particles were able to significantly inhibit the cell division at the mitotic stage with a mitotic index of 39.49%. Further, the cytotoxic studies on HT-29 cells showed that the phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs could arrest the cell division as early as in the G0/G1 phase (with 92.14%) with 73.14% cells showing early apoptotic symptoms after 24 h of incubation. The results of the study affirm the ability of phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs from aqueous leaf extract of I. obscura is beneficial in the cytotoxic application.

Counteraction of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Potential of Terminalia catappa Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles against Candida albicans and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

“…Such nanoscale fabrication of organic, inorganic, metallic, and biological structures is generally done by following either bottom-up or top-down approaches. In modern times, green approaches for NPs synthesis have gained immense interest due to its eco-friendly processing and low-cost input [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Furthermore, NPs derived from various plant extracts contain a variety of indigenous bio-active molecules such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, sugars, proteins, and enzymes that act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents.…”

Plant-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Advances in the New Millennium towards Understanding Their Therapeutic Role in Biomedical Applications

“…In the recent past, researchers were interested in the phytoconstituents produced by plants to investigate their bio-reduction process of metal nanoparticles by combinations of phytoconstituents/secondary metabolites [ 42 ]. These molecules not only acted as reducing agents but also played a key role in the capping of nanoparticles, which was crucial for their stability and biocompatibility, and due to these molecules, no extra chemical reducing and capping agents were required [ 4 ]. In addition, these plant-based molecules not only operated as the growth terminator of zinc oxide nanoparticles but also acted as a linker molecule between two or more molecules of zinc oxide-formed ZnO NPs, making them self-assemble [ 43 ].…”

“…In addition, it is also noted that the plant-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles possessed better biological activities than the nanoparticles synthesized through the chemical route [ 12 , 28 , 44 , 47 , 48 ]. Further, it has been noted that, due to the coating of various pharmacologically active biomolecules on their surface, zinc oxide nanoparticles allow multiple ligand-based conjugations of nanoparticles with their respective receptors, leading to better bioactivities [ 3 , 4 , 12 , 14 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 50 ]. These comparisons have suggested that zinc oxide nanoparticles possess better bioactivities when they are synthesized from the potential reducing agents present in the plants.…”

“…Nanotechnology is a branch of science concerned with the processing and modification of materials at the nanometer scale. It is a product of nature that influences a material through physiochemical processes, and it has a wide range of applications in research [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. At Caltech, Richard Feynman, the greatest theoretical physicist, was the first to communicate the idea of nanotechnology in 1959.…”

“…In the synthesis of nanoparticles, chemical methods often result in dangerous byproducts, and the chemical reducing reagents (such as hydrazine, sodium borohydride, and sodium dodecyl sulfate) used are toxic to nature. Hence, in comparison to the chemical methods, the eco-friendly green synthesis method has gained significant attention in the past decade for the synthesis of nanoparticles [ 4 , 8 , 12 ].…”