Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of polyethylene microplastics on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Çobanoğlu, Hayal; Belivermiş, Murat; Sıkdokur, Ercan; Kılıç, Önder; Çayır, Akın

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129805

Cited by 98 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Canniff and Hoang ( 2018 ), for instance, used high concentrations of up to 100 mg L −1 of similar PE beads and did not detect adverse effects on the survival of D. magna . Cytotoxic effects could not either be detected in in vitro models with human cell lines (Çobanoğlu et al 2021 ; Stock et al 2021 ), except at really high concentrations (i.e., >75 mg mL −1 ) for PE beads and powdered PVC particles by Stock et al ( 2021 ). Given the comparably low MP concentrations examined in the present study, we cannot ascribe a specific toxicity mechanism to the low mortality of Neocaridina .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle shape does not affect ingestion and egestion of microplastics by the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina palmata

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et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The ingestion of microplastics (MPs) is well documented for various animals and spherical MPs (beads) in many studies. However, the retention time and egestion of MPs have been examined less, especially for irregular MPs (fragments) which are predominantly found in the environment. Furthermore, the accumulation of such particles in the gastrointestinal tract is likely to determine whether adverse effects are induced. To address this, we investigated if the ingestion and egestion of beads are different to those of fragments in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina palmata. Therefore, organisms were exposed to 20–20,000 particles L−1 of either polyethylene (PE) beads (41 μm and 87 μm) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fragments (<63 μm). Moreover, shrimps were exposed to 20,000 particles L−1 of either 41 μm PE and 11 μm polystyrene (PS) beads or the PVC fragments for 24 h, followed by a post-exposure period of 4 h to analyze the excretion of particles. To simulate natural conditions, an additional fragment ingestion study was performed in the presence of food. After each treatment, the shrimps were analyzed for retained or excreted particles. Our results demonstrate that the ingestion of beads and fragments were concentration-dependent. Shrimps egested 59% of beads and 18% of fragments within 4 h. Particle shape did not significantly affect MP ingestion or egestion, but size was a relevant factor. Medium- and small-sized beads were frequently ingested. Furthermore, fragment uptake decreased slightly when co-exposed to food, but was not significantly different to the treatments without food. Finally, the investigations highlight that the assessment of ingestion and egestion rates can help to clarify whether MPs remain in specific organisms and, thereby, become a potential health threat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle shape does not affect ingestion and egestion of microplastics by the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina palmata

Klein

Heß

Nungeß

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…PP is particularly abundant in Indonesian aquatic organisms [18]. It has been suggested that PP contamination can cause disruptions in the immune system, particularly by inducing proinflammatory cytokines that cause local inflammation in tissues and organs and by causing cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes [31,32,54]. Because PP polymers appear to be prevalent in the human body and daily consumables, further studies and an immediate focus are required to assess their potential effect on human health and to mitigate their incorporation into the human body.…”

Section: High Abundance Of Microplastic In Table Salts and Oral Hygie...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic Contamination in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract and Daily Consumables Associated with an Indonesian Farming Community

et al. 2021

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Plastic is one of the most abundant pollutants in the environment. As a result of natural physical processes, large plastic waste is degraded into microsized particles (<5 mm) called microplastics. Because of their size, abundance, and durability, microplastics are widely distributed in the environment, contaminating food and water intended for human consumption. The extent of microplastic contamination in the human body is still unclear because there are few studies concerning microplastic contamination in human specimens and, in most studies, data were collected from city dwellers. Despite having the fourth largest population and being the fourth largest plastic waste producer in the world and second largest plastic polluter in the ocean, there are currently no data with respect to microplastic exposure for the Indonesian population. Several studies have reported on microplastic contamination in seafood and freshwater organisms from Indonesia, and it is likely that microplastics have contaminated the gastrointestinal tracts of Indonesians. Using Raman spectroscopy, we detected microplastic contamination in 7 out of 11 analyzed stool samples collected from a farming community in the highland village of Pacet, East Java, Indonesia. Polypropylene (PP) was the most abundant and prevalent type of microplastic observed, and it was found in four of the positive samples with an average concentration of 10.19 microgram per gram of feces (μg/g). Microplastics were also detected at high concentrations in tempeh (soybean cake, a staple protein source for Indonesians), table salts, and toothpaste, which were regularly consumed and used by the study participants. PP was particularly high in table salts (2.6 μg/g) and toothpaste (15.42 μg/g), suggesting that these products might contribute to the gastrointestinal contamination in the studied population. This pilot study indicated microplastic contamination in the rural Indonesian population and in their daily consumables, demonstrating the far-reaching extent of microplastic pollution beyond urban areas.

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“…Mortensen (2021) also indicated that drinking water is one of the main sources of ingestion of MP smaller than 50 μm. PP, PET and PE MPs that are the most abundant in treated water samples, are recognized to pose human health risks(Çobanoğlu et al 2021;Stock et al 2021). These particles can also adsorb and transfer chemical to humans(Abbasi et al 2021;Dong et al 2020).…”

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Identification of microplastics in conventional drinking water treatment plants in Tehran, Iran

Adib

Mafigholami

Tabeshkia

2021

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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The presence of microplastics (MPs), as an emerging pollutant is a growing concern in different water resources. These particles are recognized as less than 5 mm in size. Most of the studies have been carried out in surface waters and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but there are few studies on MPs in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This study investigates these particles in three different conventional DWTPs in the city of Tehran, Iran and aims to analyze these particles down to the size of 1 µm. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized in this study to quantitatively analyze MPs. Accordingly, the average abundance of MPs in raw and treated water samples varied from 1996±268 to 2808±80 MPs L -1 and 971±103 to 1401±86 MPs L -1 , respectively. While particles smaller than 10 µm comprised 65-87% of MPs. Moreover, µ-Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize MPs. As the results, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyethylene (PE) were the most abundant identi ed polymers among MPs comprising more than 53% of particles. Additionally, MPs were categorized as bers, fragments and spheres. This study lls the knowledge gap of MPs presence in Tehran DWTPs which is of high importance since they supply drinking water for more than 8 million people and investigates the performance of conventional DWTPs in removing MPs.

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Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of polyethylene microplastics on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Cited by 98 publications

References 53 publications

Particle shape does not affect ingestion and egestion of microplastics by the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina palmata

Particle shape does not affect ingestion and egestion of microplastics by the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina palmata

Microplastic Contamination in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract and Daily Consumables Associated with an Indonesian Farming Community

Identification of microplastics in conventional drinking water treatment plants in Tehran, Iran

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