Genomics of Rubber Biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis

Chow, Keng See; Bahari, Azlina; Taylor, Mark A.; Marshall, David F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42258-5_7

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…We propose that in trees of the same age, the smaller rubber particle size in RRIM600 latex is likely attributed to the higher abundance of rubber particle proteins, which confers enhanced electrostatic repulsion that prevents rubber particles from aggregating into larger particles. Among these RP-localized proteins, a patatin-like protein (LOC110655872) was previously identi ed as a rubber biosynthesis inhibitor protein (RBIP) [24]. LOC110655872 was found to have signi cantly higher expression levels in RRIM600 latex than in latex from high-yielding Reyan7-33-97 trees (Table S5 and Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also worth noting that the MW and MWD of rubbers are closely correlated with Hevea clone and age. Older rubber trees showed an increase in the MW of rubber [23], and fresh latex from multiple clones growing in the same rubber trial showed great variations in MW and MWD [24,25]. These experimental ndings suggest that rubber MW is controlled by multiple factors, including laticifer environments, rubber particle types, genetics and developmental stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis of latex transcriptomes reveals the potential mechanisms underlying rubber molecular weight variations between the Hevea brasiliensis clones RRIM600 and Reyan7-33-97

Xin

Yue

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The processabilities and mechanical properties of natural rubber depend greatly on its molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD). However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of molecular weight during rubber biosynthesis remain unclear. Results: In the present study, we determined the MW and particle size of latex from 1-year-old virgin trees and 30-year-old regularly tapped trees of the Hevea clones Reyan7-33-97 and RRIM600. The results showed that both the MW and the particle size of latex varied between these two clones and increased with tree age. Latex from RRIM600 trees had a smaller average particle size than that from Reyan7-33-97 trees of the same age. In 1-year-old trees, the Reyan7-33-97 latex displayed a slightly higher MW than that of RRIM600, whereas in 30-year-old trees, the RRIM600 latex had a significantly higher MW than the Reyan7-33-97 latex. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome profiles indicated that the average rubber particle size is negatively correlated with the expression levels of rubber particle associated proteins, and that the high-MW traits of latex are closely correlated with the enhanced expression of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) monomer-generating pathway genes and downstream allylic diphosphate (APP) initiator-consuming non-rubber pathways. By bioinformatics analysis, we further identified a group of transcription factors that potentially regulate the biosynthesis of IPP. Conclusions: Altogether, our results revealed the potential regulatory mechanisms involving gene expression variations in IPP-generating pathways and the non-rubber isoprenoid pathways, which affect the ratios and contents of IPP and APP initiators, resulting in significant rubber MW variations among same-aged trees of the Hevea clones Reyan7-33-97 and RRIM600. Our findings provide a better understanding of rubber biosynthesis and lay the foundation for genetic improvement of rubber quality in H. brasiliensis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of latex transcriptomes reveals the potential mechanisms underlying rubber molecular weight variations between the Hevea brasiliensis clones RRIM600 and Reyan7-33-97

Xin

Yue

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Rubber chain initiation needs an oligomeric allylic pyrophosphates initiator that could be dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) or cis ‐allylic pyrophosphate in vitro (Chiang et al, 2011). Here, FPP is the main initiator in vivo (Chow et al, 2012; Chow et al, 2020; Men et al, 2019; Xie et al, 2008; Yamashita & Takahashi, 2020). The rubber transferase needs divalent cations, such as Mg 2+ or Mn 2+ , as ‘activity cofactors’, and the elementary IPP incorporation process is very similar to those of cationic polymerization (Ouardad et al, 2012).…”

Section: Rubber Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular markers to devise predictive models for juvenile selection in Hevea rubber

Priyadarshan

2022

Plant Breeding

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Natural rubber is extracted from the Hevea tree, through shaving the bark. As a major raw material source for many industries especially the tyre sector, Hevea rubber clones are intensively cultivated in the tropics. The world production of Hevea rubber is almost 13.64 million metric tonnes, and the productivity is around 1200 kg ha−1. However, the field production achieved so far is still well below the theoretical yield estimated (7000–12,000 kg ha−1). Even though this is a calculated estimate, efforts can be kept live to achieve this target, because Hevea rubber is being increasingly cultivated under several suboptimal environments after the 1980s. In this era of climate change, newer biotic and abiotic stresses encounter Hevea rubber culture that demands new clones at definite intervals. Hence, like any other species, Hevea rubber breeding is a continuous process in quest of new clones achieved through exploiting new sources of genetic variation. Hevea rubber breeding is to produce high‐yielding clones with good timber value. First priority is to explore and exploit genetic variation in clones, half‐sib, full‐sib and illegitimate (open‐pollinated) seedlings, where dry rubber yield and wood volume are the target traits. Next is to maximize genetic gains per unit time, through understanding juvenile–mature correlations and to practice selection of high‐yielding genotypes at the juvenile stage. Hevea rubber had a long breeding cycle of 33 years but could be reduced to 17 years after culling non‐essential steps of deriving clones. However, this could be reduced to 10 years, if a DNA marker‐assisted selection system is applied to seedlings. This system must also ensure significant juvenile–mature correlations on yield. This is a formidable task because under given circumstances, such a correlation is almost absent. However, this can be turned into a reality through employing yield‐related DNA markers with genomic selection (GS). The impact of DNA markers linked with REF, SRPP, acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase, HMGS, HMGR and JAZ need to be specifically evaluated. GS that aims to improve quantitative traits by using genome‐wide marker data without requiring identification of markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of interest can be used in Hevea also. Subsequently, by a predictive model, genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) can be calculated for untested individuals from a ‘testing population’. GS captures the total additive genetic variance with genome‐wide marker coverage and effect estimates. Therefore, selection of an individual without phenotypic data can be performed based on the individual's predicted breeding value. This review makes an assessment of the molecular markers in Hevea rubber and aims to streamline an efficient selection system to be applied onto seedlings through GS that owes a significant correlation with the mature phase.

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Genic Conservation and Genetic Improvement of Hevea brasiliensis

Sathik

Gireesh

2021

Cash Crops

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Genomics of Rubber Biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis

Cited by 4 publications

References 107 publications

Comparative analysis of latex transcriptomes reveals the potential mechanisms underlying rubber molecular weight variations between the Hevea brasiliensis clones RRIM600 and Reyan7-33-97

Comparative analysis of latex transcriptomes reveals the potential mechanisms underlying rubber molecular weight variations between the Hevea brasiliensis clones RRIM600 and Reyan7-33-97

Molecular markers to devise predictive models for juvenile selection in Hevea rubber

Genic Conservation and Genetic Improvement of Hevea brasiliensis

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