Genomics of Cotton Fiber Secondary Wall Deposition and Cellulose Biogenesis

Haigler, Candace H.; Singh, B. P.; Wang, Guirong; Zhang, Deshui

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70810-2_16

Cited by 39 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…This site includes a tab-delimited text file, "Cotton_Microarray_ Summary_Annotated," showing (1) gene expression ratios (6:20,10:20,and 24:20 DPA) and P values, and (2) best plant protein matches and E-values for the cotton cDNAs on the microarray as well as annotations as found in public databases. Preliminary analysis of this microarray experiment showed that (1) homologs of many secondary wall-related genes required for xylem sclerenchyma differentiation were up-regulated in cotton fiber at 20 and 24 DPA (transition and early secondary wall stages) compared with 6 and 10 DPA (elongation/primary wall stage), and (2) there was a high (approximately 90%) agreement between the microarray results and qPCR analysis (Haigler et al, 2009). …”

Section: Transition-stage Fibers Showed Genetic and Enzymatic Competementioning

confidence: 81%

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A Specialized Outer Layer of the Primary Cell Wall Joins Elongating Cotton Fibers into Tissue-Like Bundles

et al. 2009

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) provides the world's dominant renewable textile fiber, and cotton fiber is valued as a research model because of its extensive elongation and secondary wall thickening. Previously, it was assumed that fibers elongated as individual cells. In contrast, observation by cryo-field emission-scanning electron microscopy of cotton fibers developing in situ within the boll demonstrated that fibers elongate within tissue-like bundles. These bundles were entrained by twisting fiber tips and consolidated by adhesion of a cotton fiber middle lamella (CFML). The fiber bundles consolidated via the CFML ultimately formed a packet of fiber around each seed, which helps explain how thousands of cotton fibers achieve their great length within a confined space. The cell wall nature of the CFML was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, including polymer epitope labeling. Toward the end of elongation, up-regulation occurred in gene expression and enzyme activities related to cell wall hydrolysis, and targeted breakdown of the CFML restored fiber individuality. At the same time, losses occurred in certain cell wall polymer epitopes (as revealed by comprehensive microarray polymer profiling) and sugars within noncellulosic matrix components (as revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of derivatized neutral and acidic glycosyl residues). Broadly, these data show that adhesion modulated by an outer layer of the primary wall can coordinate the extensive growth of a large group of cells and illustrate dynamic changes in primary wall structure and composition occurring during the differentiation of one cell type that spends only part of its life as a tissue.

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Section: Transition-stage Fibers Showed Genetic and Enzymatic Competementioning

confidence: 81%

“…In qPCR, Gheif5 (for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5) was used as an endogenous normalizing gene; it had nearly equal expression in 6-to 30-DPA fiber (Haigler et al, 2009). The qPCR procedure was repeated three times, beginning with RNA isolation from independent samples at each DPA.…”

Section: Microarray Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Specialized Outer Layer of the Primary Cell Wall Joins Elongating Cotton Fibers into Tissue-Like Bundles

et al. 2009

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“…Expression levels of each experimental gene were normalized to the value for the endogenous reference gene, Gheif5 (validated previously; [22]), and the normalized values (ΔCt) were determined for at least three biological replications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cotton Fiber Cell Walls of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense Have Differences Related to Loosely-Bound Xyloglucan

et al. 2013

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Cotton fiber is an important natural textile fiber due to its exceptional length and thickness. These properties arise largely through primary and secondary cell wall synthesis. The cotton fiber of commerce is a cellulosic secondary wall surrounded by a thin cuticulated primary wall, but there were only sparse details available about the polysaccharides in the fiber cell wall of any cotton species. In addition, Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) fiber was known to have an adhesive cotton fiber middle lamella (CFML) that joins adjacent fibers into tissue-like bundles, but it was unknown whether a CFML existed in other commercially important cotton fibers. We compared the cell wall chemistry over the time course of fiber development in Gh and Gossypium barbadense (Gb), the two most important commercial cotton species, when plants were grown in parallel in a highly controlled greenhouse. Under these growing conditions, the rate of early fiber elongation and the time of onset of secondary wall deposition were similar in fibers of the two species, but as expected the Gb fiber had a prolonged elongation period and developed higher quality compared to Gh fiber. The Gb fibers had a CFML, but it was not directly required for fiber elongation because Gb fiber continued to elongate rapidly after CFML hydrolysis. For both species, fiber at seven ages was extracted with four increasingly strong solvents, followed by analysis of cell wall matrix polysaccharide epitopes using antibody-based Glycome Profiling. Together with immunohistochemistry of fiber cross-sections, the data show that the CFML of Gb fiber contained lower levels of xyloglucan compared to Gh fiber. Xyloglucan endo-hydrolase activity was also higher in Gb fiber. In general, the data provide a rich picture of the similarities and differences in the cell wall structure of the two most important commercial cotton species.

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“…Cultivated lint fiber is a model for cell wall developmental biology, as it is single cell of almost pure cellulose that experiences remarkable elongation during development in cultivated species, achieving a final length up to 6 cm (Arpat et al, 2004;Haigler et al, 2012;Kim and Triplett, 2001). In contrast, the wild-type fiber cell is composed mostly of a combination of cellulose and suberin, which elongates to <1 cm (Applequist et al, 2001;Haigler et al, 2009;Ryser and Holloway, 1985). These and many other differences reflect both natural evolutionary processes as well as human-mediated selection during domestication.…”

Section: From Dispersal Ecology To Human Opportunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy and Evolution of the Cotton Genus, Gossypium

Wendel

Grover

2015

Agronomy Monographs

188

208

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We present an overview of the taxonomy of Gossypium L. (the cotton genus) and its evolutionary history. Gossypium contains more than 50 recognized species, including several recently described, distributed in arid to semiarid regions of the tropics and subtropics. Diversity in Gossypium has been promoted by two seemingly unlikely processes: transoceanic, long-distance dispersal and wide hybridization among lineages that presently are widely separated geographically. Included are four species that were independently domesticated for their seed fiber-two diploids from Africa-Asia and two allopolyploids from the Americas. This repeated domestication of different wild progenitors represents a remarkable case of human-driven parallel evolution. Morphological variation in Gossypium is extensive; growth forms in the genus range from sprawling herbaceous perennials to ?15-m-tall trees, representing a notable array of reproductive and vegetative characteristics. Equally impressive is the striking cytogenetic and genomic diversity that emerged as Gossypium diversified and spread worldwide, ultimately spawning eight groups of closely related diploid (n = 13) species (i.e., genome groups A through G, and K). DNA sequence data place the origin of Gossypium at about 5 to 10 million years ago (mya), which rapidly diversified into these major genome groups shortly thereafter. Allopolyploid cottons appeared within the last 1 to 2 million years, a consequence of the improbable transoceanic dispersal of an A genome taxon to the New World and subsequent hybridization with an indigenous D genome diploid. Diversification of the nascent allopolyploid gave rise to three modern lineages containing seven species, including the agronomically important G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. B ecause of its economic importance, the cotton genus (Gossypium L.) has been of interest to agricultural scientists, taxonomists, and many other kinds of biologists. Accordingly, a considerable amount is understood regarding the origin and diversification of the genus, its basic plant biology, and its properties as a crop plant (Paterson, 2009;Stewart et al., 2010;Wendel et al.). Increasingly over the past two decades, classic taxonomic questions such as the origin of the polyploid species, the relationships among species and species Abbreviations: mya, million years ago.

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Genomics of Cotton Fiber Secondary Wall Deposition and Cellulose Biogenesis

Cited by 39 publications

References 104 publications

A Specialized Outer Layer of the Primary Cell Wall Joins Elongating Cotton Fibers into Tissue-Like Bundles

A Specialized Outer Layer of the Primary Cell Wall Joins Elongating Cotton Fibers into Tissue-Like Bundles

Cotton Fiber Cell Walls of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense Have Differences Related to Loosely-Bound Xyloglucan

Taxonomy and Evolution of the Cotton Genus, Gossypium

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