Genomics, Nutrition, Obesity, and Diabetes

Johnson, Rolanda; Williams, Scott M.; Spruill, Ida J.

doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2006.00071.x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These include smoking, drinking alcohol, a low level of physical exercise and a high-fat diet. [16][17][18][19] Generally, it is recommended that physical exercise is practised for at least 30 minutes per S Afr Fam Pract 2013 day, at least five times per week. 5,20 Table II summarises the lifestyle habits of the study participants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional survey on the lifestyle and health-seeking behaviour of Basotho patients with diabetes

Makinga

Beke

2013

South African Family Practice

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional survey on the lifestyle and health-seeking behaviour of Basotho patients with diabetes

Makinga

Beke

2013

South African Family Practice

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“…Adiposity can be described by location, upper body/abdominal or lower body; and most confounding disease states related to obesity are those with profound visceral adipose deposits, within the upper body [126]. This visceral adipose may act to impair function via mechanical compression or enhanced adipokine secretions [127].…”

Section: Perivascular Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and vascular dysfunction

et al. 2008

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One of the most profound challenges facing public health and public health policy in Western society is the increased incidence and prevalence of both overweight and obesity. While this condition can have significant consequences for patient mortality and quality of life, it can be further exacerbated as overweight/obesity can be a powerful stimulus for the development of additional risk factors for a negative cardiovascular outcome, including increased insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. This manuscript will present the effects of systemic obesity on broad issues of vascular function in both afflicted human populations and in the most relevant animal models. Among the topics that will be covered are alterations to vascular reactivity (both dilator and constrictor responses), adaptations in microvascular network and vessel wall structure, and alterations to the patterns of tissue/organ perfusion as a result of the progression of the obese condition. Additionally, special attention will be paid to the contribution of chronic inflammation as a contributor to alterations in vascular function, as well as the role of perivascular adipose tissue in terms of impacting vessel behavior. When taken together, it is clearly apparent that the development of the obese condition can have profound, and frequently difficult to predict, impacts on integrated vascular function. Much of this complexity appears to have its basis in the extent to which other co-morbidities associated with obesity (e.g., insulin resistance) are present and exert contributing effects.

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“…The increase in diabetes prevalence over recent decades has disproportionately comprised persons with high levels of obesity (14)(15)(16)(17) . There is increasing evidence for interactions between obesity and genetic factors in the development of diabetes (18) . Obesity modifies the effects of the Asp905Tyr variant of PPP1R3A on risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin sensitivity (19) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy of BMI and family history on diabetes: the Humboldt Study

Chen

Rennie

Dosman

2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To examine the joint effect of family history and BMI on diabetes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A rural community in Saskatchewan, Canada. Subjects: The analysis was based on data from 2081 adults, 18-79 years of age, who participated in the Humboldt Study conducted in 2003. Doctor-diagnosed diabetes and family history of diabetes of biological parents and siblings were self-reported. Body weight and height were objectively measured. The interaction of family history and BMI on diabetes was assessed on an additive scale. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 7?9 %, and BMI and history of diabetes were two important predictors. The adjusted prevalence ratios were 1?76 (95 % CI 1?37, 2?27) and 2?59 (95 % CI 2?05, 3?31) for those with a BMI of 25?0-29?9 kg/m 2 and of at least 30 kg/m 2 , respectively, compared with a BMI of less than 25 kg/m 2 , and was 2?41 (95 % CI 2?08, 2?80) for those with a family history of diabetes v. those without. The data indicated an additive interaction of family history and BMI on diabetes. Conclusions: When exposed to both family history and overweight/obesity, individuals would have an increased risk that was greater than the sum of their single effects. Reduction of BMI would also reduce the risk of diabetes associated family history.

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Genomics, Nutrition, Obesity, and Diabetes

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

A cross-sectional survey on the lifestyle and health-seeking behaviour of Basotho patients with diabetes

A cross-sectional survey on the lifestyle and health-seeking behaviour of Basotho patients with diabetes

Obesity and vascular dysfunction

Synergy of BMI and family history on diabetes: the Humboldt Study

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