Genomics in oral cancer

Abstract

Background: The genetic factors play an essential role in the cell behavior and function in areas affected with cancer, identifying them could help faster risk detection and mitigation of cases that can be easily saved without much therapeutic intervention at the primary stage itself. This review aims to develop comprehensive evidence regarding genomics in oral cancer initiation, regulation, and progress/inhibition. Material and Methods: A systematic review was carried out of all the reported literature on genomics and proteomics as biomarkers from January 2015 to December 2021 across 3 different search engines- Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. There were 61 articles for the genetic components of oral cancer after following the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Among the 61 articles a number of genes were identified which showed either over or under expression in presence of cancer. All of the proteins showed a rise in their levels in cancer cases compared to healthy cohorts and premalignant cases. The levels of these proteins were also raised significantly in the premalignant cases compared to the healthy patients. Conclusion: A conclusion can be drawn that not all gene markers are raised; some show low expressions.