Genomics and Epigenomics in the Molecular Biology of Melanoma—A Prerequisite for Biomarkers Studies

Zob, Daniela; Augustin, Iolanda; Caba, Lavinia; Pânzaru, Monica; Popa, Setalia; Popa, Alina; Florea, Laura; Gorduza, Eusebiu Vlad

doi:10.3390/ijms24010716

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Malignant transformation of melanocytes with further progression to advanced stages, collectively called melanomagenesis, is initiated and driven by environmental, genetic (inheritable), constitutional, and epigenetic factors, as well as by acquired mutations with the accumulation of genomic changes further amplified by local and systemic neuroimmunoendocrine factors affecting progression of the disease [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 30 , 32 , 50 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ]. Since these factors have been discussed in many review articles, we will only provide a brief overview of them.…”

Section: Cutaneous Melanoma In a “Nutshell”mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malignant transformation of melanocytes and further progression to advanced stages of melanoma are driven by environmentally induced somatic mutations in a cellular, tissue, and systemic context-dependent fashion as discussed in numerous reviews [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 10 , 11 , 18 , 30 , 36 , 37 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 82 , 86 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ]. Therefore, our overview on this topic will be brief.…”

Section: Cutaneous Melanoma In a “Nutshell”mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malignant Melanoma: An Overview, New Perspectives, and Vitamin D Signaling

Slominski,

Kim,

Janjetovic

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Melanoma, originating through malignant transformation of melanin-producing melanocytes, is a formidable malignancy, characterized by local invasiveness, recurrence, early metastasis, resistance to therapy, and a high mortality rate. This review discusses etiologic and risk factors for melanoma, diagnostic and prognostic tools, including recent advances in molecular biology, omics, and bioinformatics, and provides an overview of its therapy. Since the incidence of melanoma is rising and mortality remains unacceptably high, we discuss its inherent properties, including melanogenesis, that make this disease resilient to treatment and propose to use AI to solve the above complex and multidimensional problems. We provide an overview on vitamin D and its anticancerogenic properties, and report recent advances in this field that can provide solutions for the prevention and/or therapy of melanoma. Experimental papers and clinicopathological studies on the role of vitamin D status and signaling pathways initiated by its active metabolites in melanoma prognosis and therapy are reviewed. We conclude that vitamin D signaling, defined by specific nuclear receptors and selective activation by specific vitamin D hydroxyderivatives, can provide a benefit for new or existing therapeutic approaches. We propose to target vitamin D signaling with the use of computational biology and AI tools to provide a solution to the melanoma problem.

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Section: Cutaneous Melanoma In a “Nutshell”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cutaneous Melanoma In a “Nutshell”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant Melanoma: An Overview, New Perspectives, and Vitamin D Signaling

Slominski,

Kim,

Janjetovic

et al. 2024

Cancers

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“…Although malignant melanoma (MM) represents only 1–8% of the skin neoplasia, it is responsible for approximately 65–75% of the deaths through cutaneous cancer, with associated high mortality caused by its metastases, which can appear in one third of the cases [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Thereby, understanding the tumor spread mechanisms and identifying predictive factors for the metastases becomes of crucial importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MMP1, MMP9, MMP11 and MMP13 in melanoma and its metastasis – key points in understanding the mechanisms and celerity of tumor dissemination

Mastalier Manolescu,

Lazar,

Ţiplica

et al. 2024

Rom J Morphol Embryol

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Background: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1, MMP9, MMP11, and MMP13 are overexpressed in malignant melanoma (MM), being associated with tumor invasive phase, metastases, and more aggressive neoplastic phenotypes. Aim: The main objective of the current study was to correlate the expression of the MMPs with the evolution of MM toward distant metastasis. Patients, Materials and Methods: We designed a retrospective cohort study, including 13 patients with metastatic MM. Data concerning age, sex, localization of the primary lesion and metastasis, and histological and immunohistochemical features (intensity of expression and percent of positive cells for MMPs) were statistically processed. Results: The time between the diagnosis of primitive melanoma and the diagnosis of metastasis ranged between 0 and 73 months, with a mean value of 18.3 months. The metastases rich in MMP1- and MMP9-positive cells occurred earlier than the metastases with low levels of positive cells. The mean period until metastasis was shorter for the MMP1-expressing tumors than the ones without MMP1 expression. MMP13 expression in the tumor and its metastasis was significantly linked with the time until the metastasis occurrence. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the roles of MMP1, MMP9, and MMP13 in the process of metastasis in melanoma and the opportunity to use them as therapeutic targets and surveillance molecules.

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“…So far, at least 20 genes have been identified that play a role in melanoma pathogenesis. The most frequently mutated are BRAF, NRAS and KIT oncogenes [ 29 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Treatment of Melanoma Brain Metastases

Nowacka,

Fajkiel-Madajczyk,

Ohla

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Melanoma is a type of skin cancer in which there is a strong correlation between its occurrence and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Although it is not the most common skin cancer, it has the highest mortality rate of all skin cancers. The prognosis of patients is significantly worsened by melanoma metastasis to the brain, which often occurs in patients with advanced disease. The formation and development of melanoma metastases to the brain involve a very complex process, and their mechanisms are not fully understood. One of the ways for metastatic melanoma cells to survive and develop cancer in the brain environment is the presence of oncogenic BRAF mutation, which occurs in up to 50% of metastatic melanoma cases. Before discovering new methods of treating metastases, the overall survival of patients with this disease was 6 months. Currently, research is being conducted on new drugs using immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitors: anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4) and targeted therapy (BRAF and MEK inhibitors) to improve the prognosis of patients. In this article, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the results of treating brain metastases with new systemic therapies.

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Genomics and Epigenomics in the Molecular Biology of Melanoma—A Prerequisite for Biomarkers Studies

Cited by 8 publications

References 122 publications

Malignant Melanoma: An Overview, New Perspectives, and Vitamin D Signaling

Malignant Melanoma: An Overview, New Perspectives, and Vitamin D Signaling

MMP1, MMP9, MMP11 and MMP13 in melanoma and its metastasis – key points in understanding the mechanisms and celerity of tumor dissemination

Current Treatment of Melanoma Brain Metastases

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