Genomic typing of BK virus in clinical specimens by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products

Jin, Li; Gibson, Peter H.; Booth, James C.; Clewley, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890410104

Cited by 137 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The amplicons obtained from the first-strand PCR using primers BK1 and BK2 of five samples, two positive samples (W3 and BCN17), two other positive samples that tested positive for BKV in a previous study (BCN29, BCN30), and the urine sample used as a control (BCNU), were further amplified in a nested PCR using primers BK2 and BK3 (at an annealing temperature of 46°C), which amplify a VP1 region used for the typing of these viruses (24). The amplicons obtained were sequenced by using BK2 and BK3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Transmission of Human Polyomaviruses through the Gastrointestinal Tract after Exposure to Virions or Viral DNA

Bofill-Mas

Formiga-Cruz

Clemente-Casares

et al. 2001

J Virol

168

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The mechanism of human-to-human transmission of the polyomaviruses JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) has not been firmly established with regard to possible human exposure. JCV and BKV have been found in sewage samples from different geographical areas in Europe, Africa, and the United States, with average concentrations of 10 2 to 10 3 JCV particles/ml and 10 1 to 10 2 BKV particles/ml. Selected polyomavirus-positive sewage samples were further characterized. The JCV and BKV present in these samples were identified by sequencing of the intergenic region (the region found between the T antigen and VP coding regions) of JCV and the VP1 region of BKV. The regulatory region of the JCV and BKV strains found in sewage samples presented archetypal or archetype-like genetic structures, as described for urine samples. The stability (the time required for a 90% reduction in the virus concentration) of the viral particles in sewage at 20°C was estimated to be 26.7 days for JCV and 53.6 days for BKV. The presence of JCV in 50% of the shellfish samples analyzed confirmed the stability of these viral particles in the environment. BKV and JCV particles were also found to be stable at pH 5; however, treatment at a pH lower than 3 resulted in the detection of free viral DNA. Since most humans are infected with JCV and BKV, these data indicate that the ingestion of contaminated water or food could represent a possible portal of entrance of these viruses or polyomavirus DNA into the human population.JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) are nonenveloped, icosahedral viruses with double-stranded, negatively supercoiled, circular DNA genomes of approximately 5.13 kb. The polyomavirus genome consists of an early region, a late region, and a regulatory region (RR) containing promoters, enhancers, and the replication origin. The genome is transcribed bidirectionally from the origin. It codes for the early region proteins (large T and small t antigens) that regulate the transcription of the late region proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, and agnoprotein). JCV and BKV are associated primarily with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and hemorrhagic cystitis, respectively, and a role for these viruses in human cancer has been suggested (23). Both viruses are found at high frequencies throughout most human populations, and their pathogenicity, which is associated primarily with immunocompromised states, has attracted more attention due to the immunosuppression associated with AIDS. As determined by seroconversion, primary infection with BKV occurs early in childhood, while JCV infection occurs slightly more toward adolescence (17, 36, 51). Initial infection is not apparent and rarely causes clinical disease, although respiratory symptoms or urinary tract disease is sometimes found in the case of BKV (18,21,37). JCV and BKV can be detected in tonsillar tissue (19,32), and the hypothesis that the respiratory tract is the primary site of viral infection has been suggested. After the initial infection, the virus disseminates and establishes a p...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Transmission of Human Polyomaviruses through the Gastrointestinal Tract after Exposure to Virions or Viral DNA

Bofill-Mas

Formiga-Cruz

Clemente-Casares

et al. 2001

J Virol

168

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“…In the whole VP1 region there are only five amino acid differences between the AS and SB strains (Jin et al, 1993b). Sequencing of clinical isolates of BKV has found that the SB strain is more frequent in the human population than AS (Jin et al, 1993a). SB VLPs have also been found to have a broader cross-reactivity with the four BKV antigenic types than the other strains (Hale et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four antigenic variants of BKV have been described: the BKV prototype, BKV AS, BKV SB and BKV IV (Jin et al, 1993a). Each strain has been characterized by nucleotide sequencing of the VP1 region, which encodes the major capsid protein of BKV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of the human polyomaviruses

Stolt

Sasnauskas²,

Koskela³

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

269

225

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To assess the stability of polyomavirus antibodies in serial samples over time and the incidence and age-specific prevalence of polyomavirus infections, we established enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) using purified yeast-expressed virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the VP1 major capsid proteins of JC virus (JCV) and the AS and SB strains of BK virus (BKV). A random subsample of 150 Finnish women who had serum samples taken during the first trimester of pregnancy and had a second pregnancy during a 5 year follow-up period was selected, grouped by age of first pregnancy. The polyomavirus antibody levels were similar in samples taken during the first and second pregnancies (correlation coefficient 0?93 for BKV SB and 0?94 for JCV). Analysis of serum samples from 290 Swedish children aged 1-13 years, grouped by age in 2 year intervals, demonstrated that BKV seropositivity increased rapidly with increasing age of the children, reaching 98 % seroprevalence at 7-9 years of age, followed by a minor decrease. JCV seroprevalence increased only slowly with increasing age and reaching 72 % positivity among mothers >25 years of age. The age-specific seroprevalence of the human polyomaviruses measured using this VLPbased EIA was similar to previous serosurveys by other methods. The stability of the antibodies over time indicates that polyomavirus seropositivity is a valid marker of cumulative virus exposure, and polyoma VLP-based EIAs may therefore be useful for epidemiological studies of these viruses.

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“…The amplification was performed according to Shaffer et al (2006). BKV DnA was detected by amplifying a 354 nucleotide region within the VP1 gene PCR JCV (Agostini et al 1997) PCR BKV (Jin et al 1993) (nt 1663-2016, DUn numbering) using the oligonucleotides BKV-1 (50-GAAGTTCTAGAAGTTAAAACT-GGG-30) and BKV-2 (50-GTGGAAATTACTGCCTT-GAATAGG-30) (Jin et al 1993).…”

Section: Patients Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human polyomaviruses JC and BK in the urine of Brazilian children and adolescents vertically infected by HIV

Machado

Fink

Pannuti

et al. 2011

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The aim of this study was to characterize the urinary excretion of the BK (BKV) and JC (JCV) human polyomaviruses in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents. One hundred and fifty-six patients were enrolled: Group I included 116 HIV-infected children and adolescents [median age = 11.4 years (y); range 1-22 y]; Group II included 40 non-HIV-infected healthy controls (median age = 11.37 y; range 7-16 y). Single urine samples from both groups were screened for the presence of JCV and BKV DNA by polymerase chain reaction at enrolment. The overall rate of JCV and BKV urinary excretion was found to be 24.4% and 40.4%, respectively (n = 156). Group I had urinary excretion of JCV and BKV in 27.6% and 54.3% of subjects, respectively. In contrast, Group II showed positive results for JCV in 17.5% of subjects and for BKV in 12.5% of subjects (p Pearson JCV = 0.20; p Pearson BKV < 0.0001). In Group I, there was no association between JCV/BKV shedding and age, gender or CD4 values. Patients with an HIV viral load < 50 copies/mL had a lower excretion of BKV (p < 0.001) and a trend of lower JCV excretion (p = 0.07). One patient in Group I (1/116, 0.9%) showed clinical and radiological features consistent with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, suggesting that children with HIV/polyomavirus coinfection should be kept under surveillance

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Genomic typing of BK virus in clinical specimens by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products

Cited by 137 publications

References 31 publications

Potential Transmission of Human Polyomaviruses through the Gastrointestinal Tract after Exposure to Virions or Viral DNA

Potential Transmission of Human Polyomaviruses through the Gastrointestinal Tract after Exposure to Virions or Viral DNA

Seroepidemiology of the human polyomaviruses

Human polyomaviruses JC and BK in the urine of Brazilian children and adolescents vertically infected by HIV

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