Genomic Tools in Applied Tree Breeding Programs: Factors to Consider

Whetten, Ross; Jayawickrama, K. J. S.; Cumbie, W. Patrick; Martins, Gustavo Salgado

doi:10.3390/f14020169

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…Two other papers in this Special Issue address challenges to the potential use of genomics tools in tree breeding [51,61] and much of that applies to resistance breeding. Genomic information can potentially be valuable in resistance breeding, but the limits of the technology for forest trees, and, notably, for the next 10 to 20 years, needs further examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will Genomic Information Facilitate Forest Tree Breeding for Disease and Pest Resistance?

Sniezko,

Koch,

Liu

et al. 2023

Forests

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Forest trees are beleaguered by the ever-increasing onslaught of invasive pests and pathogens, with some species in danger of functional extinction. Recent successes in developing resistant populations using traditional tree breeding assures that some of the affected species will persist in future forests. However, the sheer number of threatened species requires increases in breeding efficiency. The time is right to consider how the use of genomic resources might aid breeding efforts in the next 20 years. Any operational benefit of genomic resources will be minimal without closer collaboration between tree breeders, forest managers, and genomic researchers. We reflect here on what attributes were responsible for the success of traditional resistance breeding programs and whether advances in genomics can realistically accelerate breeding. We conclude that the use of genomics to directly advance resistance breeding efforts in the next 20 years will be limited. Major obstacles will include factors such as the undomesticated nature of most tree species, the quantitative genetic nature of resistance in many species, and the lack of adequate funding to accelerate and more fully develop genomic resources. Despite these limitations, genomic tools have potential to help increase our understanding of the nature of resistance, and the genetic variability in the host, which can aid in the deployment of resistant populations and may assist in marker-assisted selection, particularly for major gene resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will Genomic Information Facilitate Forest Tree Breeding for Disease and Pest Resistance?

Sniezko,

Koch,

Liu

et al. 2023

Forests

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Detection of genetic diversity and population structure in Iranian hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) using Start Codon Targeted markers and phytochemical characteristics

Ochi-Ardabili,

Nourafcan,

Naghdi Badi

et al. 2023

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Corylus avellana L. is one of the valuable nuts of the world, which grows wild in the natural forests of Fandoguloo in Ardabil province of Iran and has a high diversity in this region. To evaluate the genetic diversity within and between populations, 78 genotypes from different regions of Iran, including Ardabil, Arasbaran, and Miyaneh, were analyzed using targeted start codon polymorphism (SCoT) method. Also, phytochemical traits of C. avellana, such as Ash,Taxol, Total phenol, Palmitic acid, Fibre, Palmitoleic acid, carbohydrate, Stearic acid, avonoid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Fat, Antioxidant compounds, and ethanolic phenol were evaluated. The result indicated that, from the 15 SCoT primrs used, the genotypes contained 165 polymorphic bands with the highest and lowest Polymorphic Information Content related to SC3 and SC21, respectively. The Marker index (MI) for the primer sets varied from 2.6 to 6.1. The highest allele frequency was related to the Ardabil population. Also, 100% polymorphism rate was obtained from all primers studied. The highest polymorphic rates corresponded to the primers SC21, SC20, SC5 (14 bands), with SC9 showing the most uniformity (six bands) among the populations. The gene ow between and within populations was 0.4 and 0.7, respectively, and the stabilization index was 0.4. The current research showed the effectiveness of the SCoT marker to estimate the genetic diversity of C. avellana, which can be considered as a starting point for further study on the population and evolutionary genetics of this economically important species.

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Reintroduction of at-risk forest tree species using biotechnology depends on regulatory policy, informed by science and with public support

Jacobs¹,

Dumroese²,

Brennan³

et al. 2023

New Forests

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Introduced pests (insects and pathogens) have rapidly increased the numbers of at-risk native forest tree species worldwide. Some keystone species have been functionally extirpated, resulting in severe commercial and ecological losses. When efforts to exclude or mitigate pests have failed, researchers have sometimes applied biotechnology tools to incorporate pest resistance in at-risk species to enable their reintroduction. Often erroneously equated solely with genetic engineering, biotechnology also includes traditional and genome informed breeding—and may provide a holistic approach toward applying genomic-based information and interventions to increase tree species’ pest resistance. Traditional tree breeding is responsible for successes to date, but new technologies offer hope to increase the efficiency of such efforts. Remarkable recent progress has been made, and for some at-risk species, novel biotechnological advances put reintroduction within reach. The high costs of reintroduction of at-risk species at necessary scale, however, will initially limit the pursuit to a few species. Successful deployment of pest resistant material may require improved species-specific knowledge and should integrate into and leverage existing reforestation systems, but these operations are sometimes rare where pest threats are greatest. While use of some biotechnologies, such as traditional tree breeding, are commonplace, others such as genetic engineering are controversial and highly regulated, yet may be the only viable means of achieving reintroduction of some at-risk species. Efforts to modify policy toward allowing the use of appropriate biotechnology, especially genetic engineering, have lagged. Provided that risk-benefits are favorable, policy is likely to follow with public opinion; in some countries, society is now increasingly open to using available biotechnologies. Continued engagement using the most recent advances in social science to build public trust, combined with a science-based collaboration among land managers and regulators, will generate the collective momentum needed to motivate policymakers to act rapidly given the speed at which forest health threats unfold and the large areas they affect.

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Genomic Tools in Applied Tree Breeding Programs: Factors to Consider

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

Will Genomic Information Facilitate Forest Tree Breeding for Disease and Pest Resistance?

Will Genomic Information Facilitate Forest Tree Breeding for Disease and Pest Resistance?

Detection of genetic diversity and population structure in Iranian hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) using Start Codon Targeted markers and phytochemical characteristics

Reintroduction of at-risk forest tree species using biotechnology depends on regulatory policy, informed by science and with public support

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