Genomic structure of swine taste receptor family 1 member 3, &lt;i&gt;TAS1R3&lt;/i&gt;, and its expression in tissues

Kiuchi, Sachiko; Yamada, Taketo; Kiyokawa, Nobutaka; Saito, Toshiyuki; Fujimoto, Junichiro; Yasue, Hiroshi

doi:10.1159/000094801

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…We also detected mRNAs for Tas1r3 and Tas1r2 in mature spermatozoa stored in the epididymis. These data are in agreement with previous reports showing GNAT3, TAS1R1, TAS1R2, and TAS1R3 in testis and in sperm (27)(28)(29)(30). It is noteworthy that TAS2R receptors that respond to bitter compounds in taste cells also are expressed in these postmeiotic cells (47,48).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Genetic loss or pharmacological blockade of testes-expressed taste genes causes male sterility

Mosinger

Redding

Parker

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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TAS1R taste receptors and their associated heterotrimeric G protein gustducin are involved in sugar and amino acid sensing in taste cells and in the gastrointestinal tract. They are also strongly expressed in testis and sperm, but their functions in these tissues were previously unknown. Using mouse models, we show that the genetic absence of both TAS1R3, a component of sweet and amino acid taste receptors, and the gustducin α-subunit GNAT3 leads to malespecific sterility. To gain further insight into this effect, we generated a mouse model that expressed a humanized form of TAS1R3 susceptible to inhibition by the antilipid medication clofibrate. Sperm formation in animals without functional TAS1R3 and GNAT3 is compromised, with malformed and immotile sperm. Furthermore, clofibrate inhibition of humanized TAS1R3 in the genetic background of Tas1r3 −/− , Gnat3 −/− doubly null mice led to inducible male sterility. These results indicate a crucial role for these extraoral "taste" molecules in sperm development and maturation. We previously reported that blocking of human TAS1R3, but not mouse TAS1R3, can be achieved by common medications or chemicals in the environment. We hypothesize that even low levels of these compounds can lower sperm count and negatively affect human male fertility, which common mouse toxicology assays would not reveal. Conversely, we speculate that TAS1R3 and GNAT3 activators may help infertile men, particularly those that are affected by some of the mentioned inhibitors and/or are diagnosed with idiopathic infertility involving signaling pathway of these receptors.phenoxy compounds | spermiogenesis

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Expression of Tas1rs and the associated "taste" G protein α-subunit (α-gustducin, encoded by the Gnat3 gene) has been noted in testes and in spermatozoa (27)(28)(29)(30)(31). However, before our present study, no functional role has been determined for these testes-expressed taste genes.…”

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confidence: 60%

Genetic loss or pharmacological blockade of testes-expressed taste genes causes male sterility

Mosinger

Redding

Parker

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The quality of the RNA samples thus obtained was examined by UV absorbance and agarose gel electrophoresis. To provide an internal control for comparison of the real-time PCR results in the present study, an aliquot of each RNA sample was mixed with an amount of RNA fragment synthesized from pEGFP-C1 vector (EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein, Invitrogen, Tokyo, Japan) to attain a final amount of 5  10 -5 pmol/10 g total RNA [6], and the resulting mixture was subjected to synthesis of first-strand cDNA using a random hexamer primer (Takara Bio, Ohtsu, Japan) and Avian Myeloblastosis Virus-Reverse Transcriptase (Promega, Tokyo, Japan) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The resulting cDNAs were qualified by amplification of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) sequence using a primer pair (Table 1) [9] based on the fact that GAPDH is known to be ubiquitously expressed in these tissues.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting mixtures were placed in an iCycler thermocycler (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, U.S.A.) under the conditions of 1 min at 95C and then 40 cycles each of 15 sec at 95C and 60 sec at 60C in order to perform real-time PCR. The data generated by the iCycler thermocycler were analyzed [6]; the resulting mixture was subjected to synthesis of first-strand cDNA as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. The cDNA sample was mixed with Master Mix solution containing SYBR Green (Toyobo) and 20M of the primer pairs for the respective genes and was then placed in an iCycler thermocycler (Bio-Rad) under the conditions of 1 min at 95C followed by 40 cycles each of 95C for 15 sec and 60C for 60 sec in order to perform real-time PCR.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression Profile and Localization of Mouse Calcitonin (CT) Sense/Antisense Transcripts in Pre- and Postnatal Tissue Development

Rezaeian

Nishibori

Hiraiwa

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Calcitonin (CT) has been shown to have various functions including osteoclast activity and calcium and phosphorus metabolism in mammals. In the present study, we measured the amounts of CT mRNA in the mouse brain, liver, kidney, heart and testis at various development stages, 14 days post-coitum (dpc), 17-dpc, newborn, 1 week and 8 weeks (adult), using real-time PCR. In the brain and kidney, the amount of CT mRNA decreased with development. In the testis, elevated amounts were observed at 17-dpc and 8 weeks. In the liver, the amount increased from the 14 dpc embryo to newborn stage and then decreased. In the heart, elevated amounts were observed at 17-dpc. Additionally, the CT antisense transcript was determined using a modified RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing in the present study. Organs with high mRNA expressions were examined for localization of transcripts using in situ hybridization. The CT sense and antisense transcripts in the 14 dpc brain were mainly localized in the mesencephalon. In the pre-and postnatal stages, sense and antisense transcripts were shown to exist rather uniformly in the kidney, heart, liver and testis. In the 17-dpc rib and thyroid lobe and the adult ovary, the sense and antisense transcripts were found to be densely localized. KEY WORDS: calcitonin, in situ hybridization, mouse, sense/antisense transcripts.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 71 (5): [561][562][563][564][565][566][567][568] 2009 Calcitonin (CT) is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone that has been shown to participate in osteoclast activity and reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus through target organ comprised of the bone and kidney in mammals. CT is mainly produced in parafollicular cells (C cells) in the thyroid gland and is produced in a wide variety of other tissues [12]. Currently, CT is a therapeutic agent for treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease [10,16]. Expression of CT in tissue from the brain, prostate and uterus has been reported [3][4][5], and this suggests that it has additional functions other than those for osteoclasts and the kidney. As supporting evidence for additional functions, the CT expression levels have been shown to be related with tumorigenicity of prostate cancer [15] and to be increased in the pregnant rat uterus during implantation [4]. Furthermore, treatment with antisense olignucleotide of CT mRNA severely impairs embryo implantation [18].In the past several years, the number of sense and antisense pair transcripts reported has sharply increased [7]. Due to the increase in the number of these studies, researchers have initiated investigations of not only of the localization of antisense transcripts but also of regulation of sense transcripts with their antisense transcripts in order to more fully understand the molecular interaction occurring in individual loci, cells and tissues. Changes in the expression levels of each non-coding RNA have been described for complex diseases such as cancer [1,14,17] and neurological diseases [11].However, little is known about th...

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Is the pig a good umami sensing model for humans? A comparative taste receptor study

Roura¹,

Humphrey

Klasing

et al. 2011

Flavour & Fragrance J

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The diversity of taste perception across species reflects a dietary adaptation to different ecological niches. Laboratory rodents have been widely used as models for human nutritional studies including the understanding of peripheral chemosensing. Nevertheless the diet type as well as the anatomical and functional features of bigger mammals such as the pig may merit further consideration as models for humans. Recently, the porcine umami taste receptor pTas1r1/ pTas1r3 and porcine mGluR4 gene sequences have become available. The aim of this study was to compare the umami sensing biology with emphasis in T1R1 sequences, Venus flytrap (VFT) ligand binding domains and L-amino acid agonists of several mammalian species including human, pig and laboratory rodents. Compared to their corresponding human gene orthologues, receptor homologies where highest for the dog (T1r1 and T1r3) and the pig (mGluR4) and lowest for the mouse (T1r1, T1r3 and mGluR4). Th human T1R1 VFT domain contains 10 different amino acid residues critically involved in ligand binding. All 10 amino acid residues are conserved, both in terms of type and location, within the pig VFT domain. In turn, the arginine and histidine (both charged polar) residues at key positions 307 and 308 appear as threonine and tyrosine (both neutral polar) residues in mouse and rat sequences. Comparison of derived molecular models seems to offer a good explanation regarding the differences of in vivo preference data for L-amino acids in rats, pigs and humans. Overall, the umami sensing in pigs show higher similarity to that in humans than the umami sensing in laboratory rodents.

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Genomic structure of swine taste receptor family 1 member 3, <i>TAS1R3</i>, and its expression in tissues

Cited by 47 publications

References 47 publications

Genetic loss or pharmacological blockade of testes-expressed taste genes causes male sterility

Genetic loss or pharmacological blockade of testes-expressed taste genes causes male sterility

Expression Profile and Localization of Mouse Calcitonin (CT) Sense/Antisense Transcripts in Pre- and Postnatal Tissue Development

Is the pig a good umami sensing model for humans? A comparative taste receptor study

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