Genomic sex identification of ancient pinnipeds using the dog genome

Bro-Jørgensen, Maiken Hemme; Keighley, Xénia; Ahlgren, Hans; Scharff‐Olsen, Camilla Hjorth; Rosing‐Asvid, Aqqalu; Dietz, Runé; Ferguson, Steven H.; Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte; Jordan, Peter; Glykou, Aikaterini; Lidén, Kerstin; Olsen, Morten Tange

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105321

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We performed genetic sex determination of the 23 mammoth specimens that had >5,000 reads (67) from the shotgun sequencing mapping to the nuclear genome assembly of the African savannah elephant. Sex determination was performed as described in (15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient biomolecular analysis of 39 mammoth individuals from Kostenki 11-Ia elucidates Upper Palaeolithic human resource use

Rey-Iglesia,

Pryor,

Wilson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Circular structures made from woolly mammoth bones are found across Ukraine and west Russia, yet the origin of the bones remains uncertain. We present ten new mammoth radiocarbon dates from the largest circular structure at Kostenki 11-Ia, identifying two mammoth mandibles ∼200-1,200 years older than the other dated materials from the site, suggesting skeletal material from long-dead individuals was scavenged and used in the site construction. Biomolecular sexing of 30 individuals showed a predominance of females, suggesting the Kostenki mammoths are primarily from herds. We identify six mitochondrial lineages across 16 samples, showing they are not all from the same matriline. Integrating biomolecular sexing with stableδ13C andδ15N isotope analysis, we find no isotopically-differentiated resource use by females and males, providing the first analysis of foraging differences between sexes in any Late Pleistocene megafauna. Our study highlights the significance of integrating ancient biomolecular approaches in archaeological inference.TeaserIntegrating14C dating, ancient DNA, palaeoproteomics, and stable isotopes improves our understanding of Kostenki 11-Ia

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient biomolecular analysis of 39 mammoth individuals from Kostenki 11-Ia elucidates Upper Palaeolithic human resource use

Rey-Iglesia,

Pryor,

Wilson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…We used the chromosome resolved HiC genome assembly obtained from the DNA ZOO consortium [ 36 ]. We determined genetic sex for the Kyiv specimens (and several new stable isotope control samples noted below) by calculating the relative coverage of the X chromosome in comparison to autosomal walrus chromosomes (X:A coverage, following [ 3 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]). aDNA damage was assessed (mapDamage v. 2.0.6) [ 40 ]) excluding alignments with a threshold of MapQ-value < 25.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walruses on the Dnieper: new evidence for the intercontinental trade of Greenlandic ivory in the Middle Ages

et al. 2022

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Mediaeval walrus hunting in Iceland and Greenland—driven by Western European demand for ivory and walrus hide ropes—has been identified as an important pre-modern example of ecological globalization. By contrast, the main origin of walrus ivory destined for eastern European markets, and then onward trade to Asia, is assumed to have been Arctic Russia. Here, we investigate the geographical origin of nine twelfth-century CE walrus specimens discovered in Kyiv, Ukraine—combining archaeological typology (based on chaîne opératoire assessment), ancient DNA (aDNA) and stable isotope analysis. We show that five of seven specimens tested using aDNA can be genetically assigned to a western Greenland origin. Moreover, six of the Kyiv rostra had been sculpted in a way typical of Greenlandic imports to Western Europe, and seven are tentatively consistent with a Greenland origin based on stable isotope analysis. Our results suggest that demand for the products of Norse Greenland's walrus hunt stretched not only to Western Europe but included Ukraine and, by implication given linked trade routes, also Russia, Byzantium and Asia. These observations illuminate the surprising scale of mediaeval ecological globalization and help explain the pressure this process exerted on distant wildlife populations and those who harvested them.

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“…The radiocarbon dates were used as tip dates in the analysis. We used the sex identification protocol from Bro-Jørgensen et al (2021) to investigate if Mesolithic hunters preferentially targeted female or male grey seals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Baltic grey seal: A 9000-year history of presence and absence

et al. 2022

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The grey seal ( Halichoerus grypus) has been part of the Baltic Sea fauna for more than 9000 years and has ever since been subjected to extensive human hunting, particularly during the early phases of its presence in the Baltic Sea, but also in the early 20th century. In order to study their temporal genetic structure and to investigate whether there has been a genetically continuous grey seal population in the Baltic, we generated mitochondrial control region data from skeletal remains from ancient grey seals from the archaeological sites Stora Förvar (Sweden) and Neustadt (Germany) and compared these with modern grey seal data. We found that the majority of the Mesolithic grey seals represent haplotypes that is not found in contemporary grey seals, indicating that the Baltic Sea population went extinct, likely due to human overexploitation and environmental change. We hypothesize that grey seals recolonised the Baltic Sea from the North Sea. during the Bronze Age or Iron Age, and that the contemporary Baltic grey seal population is direct descendants of this recolonisation. Our study highlights the power of biomolecular archaeology to understand the factors that shape contemporary marine diversity.

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Genomic sex identification of ancient pinnipeds using the dog genome

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Ancient biomolecular analysis of 39 mammoth individuals from Kostenki 11-Ia elucidates Upper Palaeolithic human resource use

Ancient biomolecular analysis of 39 mammoth individuals from Kostenki 11-Ia elucidates Upper Palaeolithic human resource use

Walruses on the Dnieper: new evidence for the intercontinental trade of Greenlandic ivory in the Middle Ages

The Baltic grey seal: A 9000-year history of presence and absence

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