Genomic remnants of alpha-globin genes in the hemoglobinless antarctic icefishes.

Cocca, Ennio; Ratnayake-Lecamwasam, Manoja; Parker, Sandra K.; Camardella, Laura; Ciaramella, Maria; Prisco, Guido di; Detrich, H. William

doi:10.1073/pnas.92.6.1817

Cited by 156 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Sites 1 and 2 begin with the AC dinucleotide common to other globin transcription initiation sites (24), whereas the most distal site 3 starts with AT. These putative cap sites are consistent with the size heterogeneity observed for N. coriiceps ␣1-globin mRNAs (11). Immediately upstream of the cap sites are clusters of basal and hematopoietic promoter elements (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…␣-Globin Gene Remnants from Two Hemoglobinless Antarctic Icefishes-In contrast to the 2-3 ␣-globin-hybridizing DNA fragments observed in the genomes of red-blooded notothenioid fishes, the genomes of three icefishes, C. aceratus, C. rastrospinosus, and Champsocephalus gunnari, contain single DNA fragments that hybridize at reduced intensity to a notothenioid adult ␣1-globin cDNA probe (11). One plausible interpretation of this observation is that the icefishes have lost, probably by deletion, a portion of the ancestral notothenioid adult ␣-globin gene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanism of Globin Gene Loss in Antarctic Icefishes-With the demonstration that icefishes have undergone deletion of the adult ␤-globin gene (11) and 5Ј truncation of the major adult ␣-globin gene (this work), we can now propose a simple mechanism for globin gene loss. Fig.…”

Section: ␣-Globin Gene Remnants In Antarctic Icefishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lineage branch) appears to have been confined to the last one million years (10). Recently, we demonstrated that icefish species belonging to both primitive and advanced genera retain in their genomes inactive remnants of the major adult notothenioid ␣-globin gene but have lost the gene that encodes adult ␤-globin (11). Thus, the hemoglobinless phenotype appears to be a primitive channichthyid character that was established by deletion or rapid mutation of the gene encoding ␤-globin before diversification of the clade.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Major Adult α-Globin Gene of Antarctic Teleosts and Its Remnants in the Hemoglobinless Icefishes

Zhao¹,

Ratnayake-Lecamwasam²,

Parker³

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The icefishes of the Southern Ocean (family Channichthyidae, suborder Notothenioidei) are unique among vertebrates in their inability to synthesize hemoglobin. We have shown previously (Cocca, E., Ratnayake-Lecamwasam, M., Parker, S. K., Camardella, L., Ciaramella, M., di Prisco, G., and Detrich, H. W., III (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92, 1817-1821) that icefishes retain inactive genomic remnants of adult notothenioid ␣-globin genes but have lost the gene that encodes adult ␤-globin. Here we demonstrate that loss of expression of the major adult ␣-globin, ␣1, in two species of icefish (Chaenocephalus aceratus and Chionodraco rastrospinosus) results from truncation of the 5 end of the notothenioid ␣1-globin gene. The wild-type, functional ␣1-globin gene of the Antarctic yellowbelly rockcod, Notothenia coriiceps, contains three exons and two A ؉ T-rich introns, and its expression may be controlled by two or three distinct promoters. Retained in both icefish genomes are a portion of intron 2, exon 3, and the 3-untranslated region of the notothenioid ␣1-globin gene. The residual, nonfunctional ␣-globin gene, no longer under positive selection pressure for expression, has apparently undergone random mutational drift at an estimated rate of 0.12-0.33%/million years. We propose that abrogation of hemoglobin synthesis in icefishes most likely resulted from a single mutational event in the ancestral channichthyid that deleted the entire ␤-globin gene and the 5 end of the linked ␣1-globin gene.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ␣-Globin Gene Remnants In Antarctic Icefishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Major Adult α-Globin Gene of Antarctic Teleosts and Its Remnants in the Hemoglobinless Icefishes

Zhao¹,

Ratnayake-Lecamwasam²,

Parker³

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Many fish groups became extinct because of the constraints of increasingly cold and icy conditions, and the cold-adapted and antifreeze-protected notothenioids emerged as the predominant teleost taxon (32,33). In the modern notothenioid family Channichthyidae, mutational events led to remnant a-globin genes and complete deletion of the genes encoding the b globins of hemoglobin (34)(35)(36). Six of the 16 icefish species including C. aceratus also fail to produce cardiac Mb (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and dynamics of Antarctic fish neuroglobin assessed by computer simulations

Boron¹,

Russo²,

Boechi³

et al. 2011

IUBMB Life

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Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a heme protein, highly conserved along evolution, predominantly found in the nervous system. It is upregulated by hypoxia and ischemia and may have a neuroprotective role under hypoxic stress. Although many other roles have been proposed, the physiological function is still unclear. Antarctic icefishes lack hemoglobin and some species also lack myoglobin, but all have Ngb and thus may help the elucidation of Ngb function. We present the first theoretically derived structure of fish Ngb and describe its behavior using molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, we sequenced and analyzed Ngbs from a colorless‐blooded Antarctic icefish species Chaenocephalus aceratus and a related red‐blooded species (Dissostichus mawsoni). Both fish Ngbs are 6‐coordinated but have some peculiarities that differentiate them from mammalian counterparts: they have extensions in the N and C termini that can interact with the EF loop, and a gap in the alignment that changes the CD‐region structure/dynamics that has been found to play a key role in human neuroglobin. Our results suggest that a single mutation between both fish Ngbs is responsible for significant difference in the behavior of the proteins. The functional role of these characteristics is discussed. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(3): 206–213, 2011

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Biological Impacts of Climate Change

McCarty

Wolfenbarger

Wilson

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Climate has far reaching impacts on biological systems. Survival and reproduction depend on how well adapted individuals are to local climate patterns. Climate change can disrupt the match between organisms and their local environment, reducing survival and reproduction and causing subsequent impacts on populations or species' distributions across geographic regions. Changes in climate may benefit some species and cause extinction for others. Cumulatively, it will alter biological communities and the functioning of ecosystems. Changes to ecosystem functions can in turn increase or decrease the rate of human‐driven climate change. In addition to effects of climate variables such as temperature and precipitation, plants may respond directly to rising concentrations of CO 2 , while aquatic species cope with changes in water chemistry as greenhouse gasses dissolve in water. The earth is already experiencing sufficient climate change to affect biological systems; well‐documented changes in plant and animal populations are related to recent climate change. Predicting future biological impacts of climate change remains a formidable challenge for science. Key Concepts Climate has a pervasive influence on individual plants and animals, populations, communities and entire ecosystems. Changes in climate will have far reaching effects on all aspects of biology. Climatic changes over the past several decades have already produced measurable changes in biological systems worldwide. Species can respond to climate change by moving to areas where climate is favourable, by evolving and adapting to new environmental conditions, or, if climate changes too rapidly, by going extinct. Analysing recent trends provides a certainty that changes will occur in biological systems valued by humans. Many of those changes will have negative impacts on human well‐being but there will be changes that will also benefit people. Scientists try to predict how biological systems will change by analysing past changes in response to climate change, by conducting experiments and by constructing models. Uncertainty in predictions of biological change comes both from uncertainty about the rate of future climate change and from uncertainty about the direct and indirect effects of climate change on biological systems.

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Genomic remnants of alpha-globin genes in the hemoglobinless antarctic icefishes.

Cited by 156 publications

References 25 publications

The Major Adult α-Globin Gene of Antarctic Teleosts and Its Remnants in the Hemoglobinless Icefishes

The Major Adult α-Globin Gene of Antarctic Teleosts and Its Remnants in the Hemoglobinless Icefishes

Structure and dynamics of Antarctic fish neuroglobin assessed by computer simulations

Biological Impacts of Climate Change

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