Genomic polymorphism of Leishmania infantum: a relationship with clinical pleomorphism?

Guerbouj, Souheila; Guizani, Ikram; Speybroeck, Niko; Ray, D. Le; Dujardin, Jean Claude

doi:10.1016/s1567-1348(01)00008-9

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Another cluster comprises parasites from rural localities in Espírito Santo and Pernambuco, where Lutzomyia whitmani is the principal vector species. Other studies using different molecular markers have demonstrated a geographic structuring of Leishmania parasites (2,16,23,33,34), and populations of L. (V.) braziliensis isolates collected from geographically closed areas seem to be more genetically similar (12,24). However, the present study indicates that the geographic structuring of L. (V.) braziliensis reflects the plasticity of these parasites to adapt to different vector species (or populations of this vectors) involved in the transmission cycle.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Although several studies have discussed the polymorphism observed in natural populations of different Leishmania species (8,25,34), until now there has been little information available about the genetic variability of the parasites and the correlation with ecoepidemiological features of the disease (16). The risk factors for clinical leishmaniasis are still poorly understood and probably are influenced by host and parasite features.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic Polymorphism and Molecular Epidemiology ofLeishmania(Viannia)braziliensisfrom Different Hosts and Geographic Areas in Brazil

et al. 2003

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Numerical zymotaxonomy and variability of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) between the small and large subunits of the rRNA genes were used to examine strain variation and relationships in natural populations of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. A total of 101 strains from distinct hosts and Brazilian geographic regions were assigned to 15 zymodemes clustered in two major genetic groups. The great number of isolates (48.5%) placed in zymodeme IOC/Z-27 were collected on the Atlantic coast. The high molecular diversity found in populations in the Amazon Basin was related to the great number of sandfly vector(s) in that region. The results of the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ITS depicted considerable intraspecific variation. Genotypic groups A, B, and C contained 39, 40, and 22 isolates, which were divided into 16, 10, and 15 genotypes, respectively. The genetic polymorphism observed demonstrates the degree of diversity of L. Infections with the parasitic protozoan Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Vianna 1911 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) or strain variants are recognized as causing human illness in many areas of (sub)tropical America (at least 15 countries), where it constitutes a significant public health problem. Many of these parasites seem to have a unique life cycle, with different phlebotomine sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) vectors and/or animal reservoirs and a different geographic distribution (13). This pathogen is capable of producing a variety of clinical manifestations, such as (i) cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which may heal spontaneously; (ii) mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), a hyperergic invasive ulcerative form that progresses in the absence of any apparent cellular defect (15); and (iii) disseminated CL (4).Most of the environmental factors affecting the epidemiology of the various leishmaniases are still poorly understood. Wild mammals serve as reservoirs for most of the New World Leishmania spp. (21), but there is increasing evidence that some of the human pathogenic Leishmania strains can be maintained in both sylvan and urban cycles. In the case of L. (V.) braziliensis, the principal vertebrate hosts in the sylvan cycle have not been identified, but there is evidence that dogs, horses, and donkeys may serve as reservoir hosts of this parasite (15). The existence of an urban cycle involving peridomestic sandfly species for L. (V.) braziliensis reflects the ability of these parasites and their vectors to adapt to changes in their original forested habitats with important public health implications. Studies using molecular techniques to characterize L. (V.) braziliensis populations from different regions have shown a relationship between level of similarity among the parasite populations (12, 24) and their geographic range, but recent data have also indicated that the considerable variability detected among these parasites is more probably related to the sandfly vector(s) and/or animal reservoir(s) involved in the transmission cycles (18).Pathogens that produce...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Polymorphism and Molecular Epidemiology ofLeishmania(Viannia)braziliensisfrom Different Hosts and Geographic Areas in Brazil

et al. 2003

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“…Occasionally we observed satellite nodules around the main lesions that eventually evolved to the disseminated form of the disease (Turetz et al 2002). The specific treatment certainly speeded healing, but response to antimonial therapy was variable, probably depending more on the immune status of the patient (Saraiva et al 1989), rather then any particular parasite strain involved (Guerbouj et al 2001). Our genotyping studies did not identify a genotype specifically associated with antimony refractoriness in those patients that did not responded well to treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Studies have also revealed genetic polymorphism in natural populations of different Leishmania species , Mauricio et al 2001, Ishikawa et al 2002, which could explain the plasticity of these parasites and of their ability to adapt to changing ecological conditions (Cupolillo et al 2003). Likewise, the intra-species variability could have a relationship with clinical pleomorphism of the disease (Guerbouj et al 2001). In fact, many of these parasites are capable of producing in the human host a variety of clinical manifestations rather than a localized skin disease.…”

Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Features Of Leishmania (Vianniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and clinical features of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Falqueto¹,

Sessa²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2003

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…83 Several studies have discussed the polymorphism observed in natural populations of different Leishmania species. [93][94][95][96][97] Until now, there has been little information available about the genetic variability of the parasites and its correlation with the ecoepidemiologic features of leishmaniasis 93,98 (Rotureau B, unpublished data).…”

Section: Ecology Of Leishmania Species In the Gecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of the Leishmania Species in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex

Rotureau

2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In the Guianan ecoregion complex, at least seven Leishmania species belonging to both the L. (Leishmania) Saf' janova, 1982 and L. (Viannia) Lainson and Shaw, 1987 sub-genera are causative agents of American visceral leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and cutaneous leishmaniases, including localized and diffuse forms. They are mostly sylvatic species subjugated to their own specific Lutzomyia sand fly vectors and to particular wild mammalian reservoir hosts of the dense rain forest. Originally implicated strictly in wild zoonoses and developing in forested ecotopes, Leishmania show a particular adaptive plasticity to face environmental modifications following deforestation and anthropization. This review presents the different pathogenic complexes of these parasites, emphasizes their implication in human diseases, and considers the influence of humans on their ecology.

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Genomic polymorphism of Leishmania infantum: a relationship with clinical pleomorphism?

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Genetic Polymorphism and Molecular Epidemiology ofLeishmania(Viannia)braziliensisfrom Different Hosts and Geographic Areas in Brazil

Genetic Polymorphism and Molecular Epidemiology ofLeishmania(Viannia)braziliensisfrom Different Hosts and Geographic Areas in Brazil

Epidemiological and clinical features of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Ecology of the Leishmania Species in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex

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