Genomic organization, sequence divergence, and recombination of feline immunodeficiency virus from lions in the wild

Pecon-Slattery, Jill; McCracken, Carrie; Troyer, Jennifer L.; VandeWoude, Sue; Roelke, Melody E.; Sondgeroth, Kerry S.; Winterbach, Christiaan W.; Winterbach, Hanlie; O’Brien, Stephen J.

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-66

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…Some fresh PBMC samples were cultured in vitro for up to 14 days to propagate the virus prior to DNA extraction, as previously described (17). Table SA1 in the supplemental material provides the sex, age, location, and collection date for the samples included in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several previous reports have described the phylogenetic relationships among FIVs based upon nucleotide sequence alignments from short regions of the pol or env genes (4,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Additional studies comparing phylogenetic relationships among fulllength sequences of lion lentivirus (LLV) isolates across Africa and PLVB isolates from central North America demonstrate that complex evolutionary histories cannot be fully resolved through single-gene analyses (11,13,14,17). Since only one full-length PLVA sequence has been evaluated, no genomic evolutionary studies have been conducted on this clade (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Puma Lentivirus in Bobcats (Lynx rufus) and Mountain Lions (Puma concolor) in North America

Lee

Bevins²,

Serieys

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Mountain lions (Puma concolor) throughout North and South America are infected with puma lentivirus clade B (PLVB).A second, highly divergent lentiviral clade, PLVA, infects mountain lions in southern California and Florida. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) in these two geographic regions are also infected with PLVA, and to date, this is the only strain of lentivirus identified in bobcats. We sequenced full-length PLV genomes in order to characterize the molecular evolution of PLV in bobcats and mountain lions. Low sequence homology (88% average pairwise identity) and frequent recombination (1 recombination breakpoint per 3 isolates analyzed) were observed in both clades. Viral proteins have markedly different patterns of evolution; sequence homology and negative selection were highest in Gag and Pol and lowest in Vif and Env. A total of 1.7% of sites across the PLV genome evolve under positive selection, indicating that host-imposed selection pressure is an important force shaping PLV evolution. PLVA strains are highly spatially structured, reflecting the population dynamics of their primary host, the bobcat. In contrast, the phylogeography of PLVB reflects the highly mobile mountain lion, with diverse PLVB isolates cocirculating in some areas and genetically related viruses being present in populations separated by thousands of kilometers. We conclude that PLVA and PLVB are two different viral species with distinct feline hosts and evolutionary histories. IMPORTANCEAn understanding of viral evolution in natural host populations is a fundamental goal of virology, molecular biology, and disease ecology. Here we provide a detailed analysis of puma lentivirus (PLV) evolution in two natural carnivore hosts, the bobcat and mountain lion. Our results illustrate that PLV evolution is a dynamic process that results from high rates of viral mutation/ recombination and host-imposed selection pressure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Puma Lentivirus in Bobcats (Lynx rufus) and Mountain Lions (Puma concolor) in North America

Lee

Bevins²,

Serieys

et al. 2014

J Virol

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“…7A). It was described that FIVs from several felid species showed genetic divergence, which suggests virus-host adaptations and rare cross-species transmissions in the wild (35,63). Thus, we analyzed the Vif sequences of additional domestic cat FIV strains and Vifs from several nondomestic cat FIVs.…”

Section: Fiv Vif Mutants Failing To Degrade A3s Bind To A3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Vif N-Terminal Residues Selectively Counteract Feline APOBEC3s

Zhang

Cano-Ortiz

et al. 2016

J Virol

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“…Feline herpesvirus has not been associated with clinical disease in free-ranging lions but has been associated with mortality of a captive lion (see Driciru et al 2006). Historically, FIV-Ple has not been considered a cause of clinical disease in lions; however, recent research suggests FIV-Ple could be contributing to a loss of immune competence, and some subtypes of FIV-Ple are possibly more pathogenic than others (Pecon-Slattery et al 2008;Roelke et al 2009;Troyer et al 2011;O'Brien et al 2012). Further, during the 1994 Serengeti CDV outbreak, lions infected with FIV-Ple subtype B were twice as likely to survive compared to lions infected with subtypes A or C (Troyer et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SURVEILLANCE FOR VIRAL AND PARASITIC PATHOGENS IN A VULNERABLE AFRICAN LION (PANTHERA LEO) POPULATION IN THE NORTHERN TULI GAME RESERVE, BOTSWANA

McDermid

Snyman

Verreynne³

et al. 2017

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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African lion (Panthera leo) numbers are decreasing rapidly and populations are becoming smaller and more fragmented. Infectious diseases are one of numerous issues threatening free-ranging lion populations, and low-density populations are particularly at risk. We collected data on the prevalence and diversity of viral and parasitic pathogens in a small lion population in eastern Botswana. During 2012 and 2014, blood samples were collected from 59% (n¼13) of the adult-subadult lions in the Northern Tuli Game Reserve in eastern Botswana. One lion had antibodies to feline panleukopenia virus, two had antibodies to canine distemper virus, and two had feline calicivirus antibodies. Ten of the 13 had antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus and 11 had feline herpesvirus antibodies. All lions were negative for antibodies to feline coronavirus. Blood samples from all lions were negative for Trypanosoma, Anaplasma, Theileria, and Ehrlichia spp. by molecular testing; however, all lions were positive for Babesia spp. by reverse line blot hybridization assay. Sequencing of amplicons from four lions revealed four groups of Babesia spp. including several genetic variants of Babesia felis, Babesia lengau, and Babesia canis and a group of novel Babesia sequences which were only 96% similar to other Babesia spp. Six lions were infested with four species of ticks (Rhipicentor nuttalli, Rhipicephalus simus, Rhipicephalus sulcatus, and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus). These data provide the first health assessment of this population and can be used to identify management and conservation strategies to decrease the impact of pathogens on this population. This is particularly important as there is an initiative to incorporate this population into a larger metapopulation of lions from adjacent South Africa and Zimbabwe.

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Genomic organization, sequence divergence, and recombination of feline immunodeficiency virus from lions in the wild

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Evolution of Puma Lentivirus in Bobcats (Lynx rufus) and Mountain Lions (Puma concolor) in North America

Evolution of Puma Lentivirus in Bobcats (Lynx rufus) and Mountain Lions (Puma concolor) in North America

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Vif N-Terminal Residues Selectively Counteract Feline APOBEC3s

SURVEILLANCE FOR VIRAL AND PARASITIC PATHOGENS IN A VULNERABLE AFRICAN LION (PANTHERA LEO) POPULATION IN THE NORTHERN TULI GAME RESERVE, BOTSWANA

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