Genomic Organization of the Human and Mouse<i>stau</i>Genes

Brizard, F.; Luo, Ming; DesGroseillers, Luc

doi:10.1089/10445490050043308

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A 55-kDa Staufen 1 and a 53-kDa Staufen 2 isoforms are expressed in these cells, in agreement with previously reported data in other cell types (Wickham et al, 1999;Kiebler et al, 1999;Brizard et al, 2000;Duchaine et al, 2000Duchaine et al, , 2002Monshausen et al, 2001). We found that both, Staufen 1 and Staufen 2 form granules that associate with the cytoskeleton in the tubulin as well as in the actin-rich domains of the myelinating processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Staufen Recruitment into Stress Granules Does Not Affect Early mRNA Transport in Oligodendrocytes

Thomas

Tosar

Loschi

et al. 2005

MBoC

136

134

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INTRODUCTIONFrom the early steps of mRNA transport to the latest events of degradation, cytoplasmic RNA granules are highly relevant to the physiology of mRNA, including silencing and activation (reviewed in Wickens and Goldstrohm, 2003). Granules packaging targeted mRNAs appear in oligodendrocytes and other polarized vertebrate cells as dense structures, containing also ribosomes and with an average diameter of 1 m ( Barbarese et al., 1995;Barry et al., 1996;Ainger et al., 1997;Knowles and Kosik, 1997;Carson et al., 2001;Krichevsky and Kosik, 2001). A different type of RNA granules known as stress granules (SGs) appears transiently upon induction of cellular stress. SGs are large ribonucleoparticles (RNPs) and are thought to be in dynamic equilibrium with translating polysomes (Kedersha et al., 2000Anderson and Kedersha, 2002).The double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen emerges as a relatively ubiquitous RNA granule-forming factor (Ferrandon et al., 1994;Duchaine et al., 2000; Kiebler and DesGrosseillers, 2000;Micklem et al., 2000). This protein was initially described in Drosophila oocytes, where it is found in granules involved in microtubule-dependent localization of maternal mRNAs to define the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo (Lasko, 1999;Kloc et al., 2002). Staufen is recruited into granules upon its interaction with bicoid mRNA 3ЈUTR sequences that mediate targeting of the messenger, and it is strictly required for the formation of these granules (Ferrandon et al., 1994(Ferrandon et al., , 1997. Likewise, the positioning of oskar mRNA at the oocyte posterior pole involves the formation of Staufen-containing granular structures known as polar bodies (Lasko, 1999;Kloc et al., 2002). Staufen also participates in actin-dependent segregation of prospero mRNA during asymmetric division of embryonic CNS cells (reviewed in Lasko, 1999; Kiebler and DesGrosseillers, 2000;Kloc et al., 2002). Moreover, Drosophila Staufen is essential for long-term memory acquisition, a phenomenon known to require mRNA targeting followed by local translation at the synapse (Dubnau et al., 2003).Two homologous genes, Staufen 1 and Staufen 2, were reported in mammalians and amphibians (Kiebler and DesGrosseillers, 2000;Monshausen et al., 2001;Tang et al., 2001;Kress et al., 2004;Yoon and Mowry, 2004 et al., , Kohrmann et al., 1999Macchi et al., 2003). Rat Staufen 1 binds to the dendrite targeting element (DTE) of MAP2 mRNA (Monshausen et al., 2001) and, in addition, Staufen 1 RNPs isolated from brain and cortical neurons contain localized RNAs and associate to motor molecules (Krichevsky and Kosik, 2001;Ohashi et al., 2002;Mallardo et al., 2003;Kanai et al., 2004). Furthermore, overexpression of a truncated form of Staufen 2 leads to a reduction of the dendritic RNA content (Tang et al., 2001). Likewise, interference strategies in amphibian oocytes indicates that Xenopus Staufen 1 is involved in the late localization pathway to the vegetal pole (Kress et al., 2004;Yoon and Mowry, 2004). In this study, we investigated the dist...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Staufen Recruitment into Stress Granules Does Not Affect Early mRNA Transport in Oligodendrocytes

Thomas

Tosar

Loschi

et al. 2005

MBoC

136

134

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“…2B). Similar genomic organization is observed in the human genome, suggesting that this phenomenon is conserved among mammals (6).…”

Section: Mstausupporting

confidence: 67%

A Novel Murine Staufen Isoform Modulates the RNA Content of Staufen Complexes

Wang

Luo²,

Steinberg³

et al. 2000

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Mouse Staufen (mStau) is a double-stranded RNA-binding protein associated with polysomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). We describe a novel endogenous isoform of mStau (termed mStau i ) which has an insertion of six amino acids within dsRBD3, the major double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding domain. With a structural change of the RNA-binding domain, this conserved and widely distributed isoform showed strongly impaired dsRNA-binding ability. In transfected cells, mStau i exhibited the same tubulovesicular distribution (RER) as mStau when weakly expressed; however, when overexpressed, mStau i was found in large cytoplasmic granules. Markers of the RER colocalized with mStau i -containing granules, showing that overexpressed mStau i could still be associated with the RER. Cotransfection of mStau i with mStau relocalized overexpressed mStau i to the reticular RER, suggesting that they can form a complex on the RER and that a balance between these isoforms is important to achieve proper localization. Coimmunoprecipitation demonstrated that the two mStau isoforms are components of the same complex in vivo. Analysis of the immunoprecipitates showed that mStau is a component of an RNA-protein complex and that the association with mStau i drastically reduces the RNA content of the complex. We propose that this new isoform, by forming a multiple-isoform complex, regulates the amount of RNA in mStau complexes in mammalian cells.RNA transport and localization provide an efficient way to distribute genetic information and to allow different portions of the cell to establish their own biochemical fates (12,20,32,44). Examples of this process have been described in many different organisms and cell types. RNA localization and/or localized translation are linked to different biological processes such as asymmetric cell division (7, 28, 39, 45), long-term potentiation (30), synaptic transmission (40), cell motility (23), and axis formation in oocytes (44). It is now apparent that many determinants of RNA localization are conserved among these systems. The process of mRNA localization is initiated by association of RNA with one or more RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) through a targeting signal most commonly located in the 3Ј untranslated region (3Ј UTR) of the transcripts. This association results in the formation of large ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) (1, 13, 24). These complexes then migrate along the cytoskeleton to their final destination, where they are anchored and translated. For the entire localization process, translation of localized mRNAs needs to be tightly regulated. Specific signals are important for repressing translation during mRNA transport and derepressing translation once RNPs are properly localized (15,21,22). The crucial role played by the cytoskeleton in many steps of transport, anchoring, and translation (2, 34, 41, 47) is another feature which appears to be conserved in numerous RNA localization systems. The multistep process of RNA localization is dependent on specific trans-acting proteins. T...

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“…The significance of the four different classes of transcripts is unknown. They arise by differential splicing since each of the inserts that appears in the 5Ј end of the cDNAs is flanked by large introns containing typical consensus splicing sequences (6). They are observed in all the tissues tested by RT-PCR, suggesting that they are not cloning artifacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%