“…As with growth‐related genes, the promoters of many pro‐apoptotic and anti‐apoptotic genes have been found to contain ‘Sp1 sites’. These genes including those for Fas and Fas ligand (Yoo et al, 1996; McClure et al, 1999), Bcl‐2, Bcl‐3, Bcl‐x, Bak, and Bax (Grillot et al, 1997; Ulrich et al, 1997; Dong et al, 1999; Igata et al, 1999; Rebollo et al, 2000), survivin (Li and Altieri, 1999), TGF‐β and its receptors (Kim et al, 1989; Malipiero et al, 1990; Humphries et al, 1994; Ammanamanchi and Brattain, 2001; Wolf et al, 2001), and TRAIL and TNF α (Leitman et al, 1992; Wang et al, 2000b). Thus, it is not surprising that increasing evidence indicates that Sp/KLF family members are involved in the regulation of apoptosis.…”