Genomic Loads and Genotypes of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Viral Factors during Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Chilean Hospitalized Infants

Espinosa, Yazmín; Martín, Camila San; Torres, A; Farfán, Mauricio J.; Torres, Juan Pablo; Avadhanula, Vasanthi; Piedra, Pedro A.; Tapia, Lorena I.

doi:10.3390/ijms18030654

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Although some authors have found no correlation between subtypes and disease severity [32,33], many others indicate RSV-A as the most virulent subtype [9,10,12,34,35]. We have…”

Section: The Subtype But Not the Viral Load Appears To Be Associated With Disease Severitycontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…Some studies found an association between viral load and symptom frequency, but not severity itself [39,40]. Viral load measurement methods are widely variable between studies: some authors use plaque assay [4] or semi-quantitative analyses, such as ct [5,7,32], others use quantitative methods [38][39][40][41]. Moreover, most studies that use quantitative methods do not normalize the measurements.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonality, molecular epidemiology, and virulence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A perspective into the Brazilian Influenza Surveillance Program

et al. 2021

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Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the main cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. The complex evolution of RSV creates a need for worldwide surveillance, which may assist in the understanding of multiple viral aspects. Objectives This study aimed to investigate RSV features under the Brazilian Influenza Surveillance Program, evaluating the role of viral load and genetic diversity in disease severity and the influence of climatic factors in viral seasonality. Methodology We have investigated the prevalence of RSV in children up to 3 years of age with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in the state of Espirito Santo (ES), Brazil, from 2016 to 2018. RT-qPCR allowed for viral detection and viral load quantification, to evaluate association with clinical features and mapping of local viral seasonality. Gene G sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrated local genetic diversity. Results Of 632 evaluated cases, 56% were caused by RSV, with both subtypes A and B co-circulating throughout the years. A discrete inverse association between average temperature and viral circulation was observed. No correlation between viral load and disease severity was observed, but children infected with RSV-A presented a higher clinical severity score (CSS), stayed longer in the hospital, and required intensive care, and ventilatory support more frequently than those infected by RSV-B. Regarding RSV diversity, some local genetic groups were observed within the main genotypes circulation RSV-A ON1 and RSV-B BA, with strains showing modifications in the G gene amino acid chain. Conclusion Local RSV studies using the Brazilian Influenza Surveillance Program are relevant as they can bring useful information to the global RSV surveillance. Understanding seasonality, virulence, and genetic diversity can aid in the development and suitability of antiviral drugs, vaccines, and assist in the administration of prophylactic strategies.

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“…Although some authors have found no correlation between subtypes and disease severity [32,33], many others indicate RSV-A as the most virulent subtype [9,10,12,34,35]. We have…”

Section: The Subtype But Not the Viral Load Appears To Be Associated With Disease Severitycontrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality, molecular epidemiology, and virulence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A perspective into the Brazilian Influenza Surveillance Program

et al. 2021

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“…The RSV strains and S. pneumoniae molecular serotypes identified within this cohort are consistent with global circulation patterns from around the time of the study period [43–45]. RSV genotype GA2 was the most highly prevalent strain, followed by BA and GA5.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Analysis of phylogenetic diversity and in vitro adherence characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates obtained during pediatric respiratory co-infections

et al. 2020

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are frequently co-associated during acute respiratory infections, particularly amongst infants and young children. In this study, we aimed to identify strains of RSV and serotypes/sequence types of S. pneumoniae associated with co-infections within a cohort of paediatric patients, and to assess RSV-mediated adhesion of pneumococcal isolates. The RSV glycoprotein sequence was determined for 58 RSV-positive samples and molecular serotyping and MLST was used to analyse 26 pneumococcal isolates. We also compared 23 pneumococcal isolates for their adherence to RSV-infected or mock-infected airway epithelia cells using immunofluorescence microscopy and automated particle counting. The tight association between RSV and S. pneumoniae was also visualized using scanning electron microscopy. This study did not identify any statistically significant trend in the strains of RSV and S. pneumoniae associated with co-infections. Furthermore, almost all isolates (22 of 23) showed significantly increased adherence to RSV-infected cells. The level of adherence did not appear to correlate with pneumococcal strain or sequence type, and isolates obtained from RSV-infected patients displayed a similar level of adherence as those from RSV-negative patients. The absence of particular S. pneumoniae or RSV strains associated with co-infection, together with the near ubiquitous presence of RSV-mediated adhesion throughout the pneumococcal clinical isolates, may indicate that the mechanisms governing the association with RSV are of sufficient importance to be maintained across much of the species.

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“…In this study, RSV strains circulating in Lao PDR were characterized for the first time, with the detection of the common genotypes of RSV‐A NA1, RSV‐B BA9, and the rare CB1/THB genotype. Cocirculation of different genotypes in a country during RSV season is not uncommon . Most RSV genotypes are often shared between various regions of the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of viral respiratory infections in Northern Lao People's Democratic Republic

Snoeck

Ponghsavath²,

Luetteke

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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In Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), acute respiratory infections overburden the health care system, but viral etiology, genetic diversity, and seasonality, especially in light of the introduction of influenza vaccination in the country, are poorly understood. From August 2010 to April 2011, 309 outpatients were recruited at the Luang Prabang Provincial Hospital covering highland Lao communities. Nasopharyngeal swabs were screened for the presence of 13 respiratory viruses. At least one virus was detected in 69.6% and dual/triple viral infections in 12.9%/1.9% of the patients. Influenza A and B viruses combined were the most frequently detected pathogens, followed by human adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The other viruses were detected in less than 10% of the patients. Phylogenetic analyses on a representative set of RSV strains revealed that, while otherwise very rare, the RSV-B CB1/THB genotype cocirculated with other common genotypes. A single wave of influenza virus and RSV activity was observed during the rainy season, providing further support to influenza vaccination before the onset of the rains. This study provides recommendations for influenza vaccination that still needs optimization and highlights the need for revised guidelines for treatment and prevention of respiratory infections in Lao PDR, as well as for increased surveillance efforts.

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Genomic Loads and Genotypes of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Viral Factors during Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Chilean Hospitalized Infants

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Seasonality, molecular epidemiology, and virulence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A perspective into the Brazilian Influenza Surveillance Program

Seasonality, molecular epidemiology, and virulence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A perspective into the Brazilian Influenza Surveillance Program

Analysis of phylogenetic diversity and in vitro adherence characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates obtained during pediatric respiratory co-infections

Etiology of viral respiratory infections in Northern Lao People's Democratic Republic

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