Genomic Insights into Intrinsic and Acquired Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Achromobacter xylosoxidans

Abstract

e Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an opportunistic pathogen known to be resistant to a wide range of antibiotics; however, the knowledge about the drug resistance mechanisms is limited. We used a high-throughput sequencing approach to sequence the genomes of the A. xylosoxidans type strain ATCC 27061 and a clinical isolate, A. xylosoxidans X02736, and then we used different bioinformatics tools to analyze the drug resistance genes in these bacteria. We obtained the complete genome sequence for A. xylosoxidans ATCC 27061 and the draft sequence for X02736. We predicted a total of 50 drug resistance-associated genes in the type strain, including 5 genes for ␤-lactamases and 17 genes for efflux pump systems; these genes are also conserved among other A. xylosoxidans genomes. In the clinical isolate, except for the conserved resistance genes, we also identified several acquired resistance genes carried by a new transposon embedded in a novel integrative and conjugative element. Our study provides new insights into the intrinsic and acquired drug resistance mechanisms in A. xylosoxidans, which will be helpful for better understanding the physiology of A. xylosoxidans and the evolution of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium.

Interspecies Dissemination of a Mobilizable Plasmid Harboring bla IMP-19 and the Possibility of Horizontal Gene Transfer in a Single Patient

“…For convenience, we named these noncircularized contigs en masse "pKUN4843_others." The pKUN4843_others contigs included contigs 22,29,34,35,39, and 53 (Table 3). The coding genes of plasmids related to conjugative transfer are shown in Table 3.…”

“…The clinical importance of this species has increased in recent decades. Several studies have reported that A. xylosoxidans harbors MBL genes, including bla IMP-1 , bla , bla VIM-1 , bla VIM-2 , and bla TMB-1 (33,34). All of these MBL genes were located on a class 1 integron as one of the gene cassettes, whereas only bla IMP-1 , bla , and bla VIM-2 were revealed to be plasmid components.…”

“…A. xylosoxidans is a nonfermentative, aerobic Gram-negative bacillus that can cause life-threatening infections, especially in immunocompromised patients (34). The clinical importance of this species has increased in recent decades.…”

The successful treatment of a multidrug-resistantAchromobacter xylosoxidanscorneal ulcer with topical meropenem

“…Drug resistance can be intrinsic or acquired. Intrinsic drug resistance in A. xylosoxidans is thought to be due to both resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type multidrug efflux pumps and a chromosomally encoded narrow-spectrum class D β-lactamase 6. Acquired drug resistance in A. xylosoxidans is the result of genes carried on mobile genetic elements, such as integrons 6.…”

Ritkábban előforduló, alsó légúti fertőzést okozó Gram-negatív nem fermentáló pálcák

“…Főleg komplex efflux rendszerük miatt fluorokinolonokra is rezisztenssé válhatnak, egyes ajánlások szerint ciprofloxacinra intrinsic módon rezisztensek [8]. Egyetlen klinikai izolátum teljesgenom-szekvenálásával is egy új, rezisztenciagéne-ket hordozó transzpozont fedeztek fel [9]. Számos rezisztenciagén rezervoárja lehet [6].…”