Genomic epidemiology of West Nile virus in Europe

Koch, R. Tobias; Erazo, Diana; Folly, Arran J.; Johnson, Nicholas; Dellicour, Simon; Grubaugh, Nathan D.; Vogels, Chantal B.F.

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100664

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 80 publications

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“…Most papers cited Komar [ 110 ] and since this study was based on a North American strain, the inference of studies focusing on transmission in Europe could be affected (e.g. [ 111 , 112 ] for a discussion on WNV strains and strain replacement).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic models for West Nile virus transmission: a systematic review of features, aims and parametrization

de Wit,

Dimas Martins,

Delecroix

et al. 2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Mathematical models within the Ross–Macdonald framework increasingly play a role in our understanding of vector-borne disease dynamics and as tools for assessing scenarios to respond to emerging threats. These threats are typically characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, introducing a range of possible complexities in models and challenges to maintain the link with empirical evidence. We systematically identified and analysed a total of 77 published papers presenting compartmental West Nile virus (WNV) models that use parameter values derived from empirical studies. Using a set of 15 criteria, we measured the dissimilarity compared with the Ross–Macdonald framework. We also retrieved the purpose and type of models and traced the empirical sources of their parameters. Our review highlights the increasing refinements in WNV models. Models for prediction included the highest number of refinements. We found uneven distributions of refinements and of evidence for parameter values. We identified several challenges in parametrizing such increasingly complex models. For parameters common to most models, we also synthesize the empirical evidence for their values and ranges. The study highlights the potential to improve the quality of WNV models and their applicability for policy by establishing closer collaboration between mathematical modelling and empirical work.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic models for West Nile virus transmission: a systematic review of features, aims and parametrization

de Wit,

Dimas Martins,

Delecroix

et al. 2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Molecular Xenomonitoring (MX) allows real-time surveillance of West Nile and Usutu virus in mosquito populations

Bigeard,

Pezzi,

Klitting

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background West Nile (WNV) and Usutu (USUV) virus are vector-borne flaviviruses causing neuroinvasive infections in both humans and animals. Entomological surveillance is a method of choice for identifying virus circulation ahead of the first human and animal cases, but performing molecular screening of vectors is expensive, and time-consuming. Methods We implemented the MX (Molecular Xenomonitoring) strategy for the detection of WNV and USUV circulation in mosquito populations in rural and urban areas in Nouvelle-Aquitaine region (France) between July and August 2023, using modified BG Sentinel traps. We first performed molecular screening and sequencing on excreta from trapped mosquitoes before confirming the results by detecting, sequencing and isolating viruses from individual mosquitoes. Findings We identified WNV and USUV-infected mosquitoes in 3 different areas, concurrently with the first human cases reported in the region. Trapped mosquito excreta revealed substantial virus co-circulation (75% of traps had PCR+ excreta for at least one of both viruses). Cx. pipiens was the most common species infected by both WNV and USUV. Genomic data from excreta and mosquitoes showed the circulation of WNV lineage 2 and USUV lineage Africa 3, both phylogenetically close to strains that circulated in Europe in recent years. Four WNV and 3 USUV strains were isolated from trapped mosquitoes. Interpretation MX strategy is easy and rapid to implement on the field, and has proven its effectiveness in detecting WNV and USUV circulation in local mosquito populations.

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Drivers and epidemiological patterns of West Nile virus in Serbia

Marini,

Drakulovic,

Jovanovic

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen in Serbia, where it has been detected as a cause of infection in humans since 2012. We analyzed and modelled WNV transmission patterns in the country between 2012 and 2023.MethodsWe applied a previously developed modelling approach to quantify epidemiological parameters of interest and to identify the most important environmental drivers of the force of infection (FOI) by means of statistical analysis in the human population in the country.ResultsDuring the study period, 1,387 human cases were recorded, with substantial heterogeneity across years. We found that spring temperature is of paramount importance for WNV transmission, as FOI magnitude and peak timing are positively associated with it. Furthermore, FOI is also estimated to be greater in regions with a larger fraction of older adult people, who are at higher risk to develop severe infections.ConclusionOur results highlight that temperature plays a key role in shaping WNV outbreak magnitude in Serbia, confirming the association between spring climatic conditions and WNV human transmission risk and thus pointing out the importance of this factor as a potential early warning predictor for timely application of preventive and control measures.

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Genomic epidemiology of West Nile virus in Europe

Cited by 3 publications

References 80 publications

Mechanistic models for West Nile virus transmission: a systematic review of features, aims and parametrization

Mechanistic models for West Nile virus transmission: a systematic review of features, aims and parametrization

Molecular Xenomonitoring (MX) allows real-time surveillance of West Nile and Usutu virus in mosquito populations

Drivers and epidemiological patterns of West Nile virus in Serbia

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