Genomic Effects of Cold and Isolation Stress on Magnocellular Vasopressin mRNA‐Containing Cells in the Hypothalamus of the Rat

Angulo, Jesús A.; Ledoux, Marie; McEwen, Bruce S.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb03463.x

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Magnocellular AVP mRNA expression also was increased by chronic nicotine SA, consistent with reports showing that mcPVN AVP mRNA was increased by the chronic stressors cold, isolation, and intermittent walking stress (Angulo et al, 1991;Nakase et al, 1998). Serum osmolarity, another potential mechanism for enhanced mcPVN AVP mRNA expression, remained constant throughout chronic nicotine SA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Nicotine Self-Administration Differentially Regulates Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Arginine Vasopressin mRNAs and Facilitates Stress-Induced Neuronal Activation

Yu¹,

Chen²,

Zhao³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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Acute nicotine is a potent stimulus for activation of the stress-responsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, while chronic nicotine self-administration (SA) desensitizes the ACTH response to self-administered nicotine but cross-sensitizes to mild footshock stress (mFSS). To identify underlying mechanisms, we investigated (1) the effects of chronic nicotine SA on the coexpression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNAs, the primary hypothalamic neuropeptides regulating ACTH release, in the parvocellular division of paraventricular nucleus (pcPVN), and (2) /AVP ϩ population was activated by this heterotypic stressor. These phenotypic neuronal alterations may provide the pivotal mechanism underlying the capacity of chronically selfadministered nicotine to cross-sensitize the HPA response to specific stressors, suggesting that nicotine may augment HPA responsiveness to specific stressors in human smokers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Nicotine Self-Administration Differentially Regulates Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Arginine Vasopressin mRNAs and Facilitates Stress-Induced Neuronal Activation

Yu¹,

Chen²,

Zhao³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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“…The OT probe was 30 mer, containing the sequence described by Morris et al [19]. Probes were labeled with 35 S-dATP (Dupont New England; specific activity 1,000 Ci/mmol) at the 3′ end using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [29]. The labeled probe was separated from nonincorporated isotope by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 prepacked columns (Boehringer-Mannheim, Indianapolis, Ind., USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Expression of Magnocellular Vasopressin mRNA in Rats with Deoxycorticosterone-Acetate Induced Salt Appetite

et al. 1998

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The neuropeptides arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) have been implicated in the genesis of hypertension due to deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treatment of uninephrectomized rats. In this work, we studied if DOCA treatment of intact rats in doses arousing a salt appetite (a prehypertensive state), modulated mRNA for AVP and OT in the hypothalamus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were offered both tap water and 3% NaCl in separate bottles and received vehicle or subcutaneous injections of 10 mg DOCA on alternate days for 7 days (4 injections) or 17 days (9 injections). They developed a preference for 3% NaCl solutions 24–48 h after treatment. Brain slices from rats killed on the 8th or 18th day were exposed to ³⁵S-labeled probes encoding prepro-AVP mRNA or OT mRNA, respectively. Expression of these mRNAs was measured in the magnocellular and parvocellular divisions of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and magnocellular cells of the supraoptic nucleus (SON). No changes were obtained in neuropeptide mRNA levels in the parvocellular division of the PVN between control and the two groups of DOCA-treated rats. However, DOCA-treated animals presented an increased number of grains per cell for AVP mRNA in the magnocellular division of the PVN and in magnocellular cells of the SON, as shown by group mean comparisons and frequency histograms. No changes were detected for OT mRNA. In a second series of studies, control or DOCA-treated rats were offered 3% NaCl or water as the only choice. Animals drinking 3% NaCl showed increased AVP and OT mRNA levels, whether they received DOCA or not. However, AVP mRNA levels in both nuclei were higher in DOCA-treated rats drinking 3% NaCl than in controls drinking salt solution. In comparison, control and DOCA-treated rats drinking water showed lower levels of AVP mRNA. OT mRNA levels in the SON remained unchanged in the same groups. The results suggest that in the magnocellular cells of the PVN and SON, increments in AVP mRNA are obtained following increments in salt intake produced by either mineralocorticoid treatment or exclusive salt drinking. In rats offered salt solution and water to drink, DOCA effects on AVP mRNA developed before changes occurred in serum sodium levels. Because combined DOCA + salt treatment induced a higher response in terms of AVP mRNA expression, we suggest that AVP could be a target of the central effects of the mineralocorticoid.

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“…Pre vious research has shown chronic stress-induced regulato ry changes at multiple points along the brain-HPA axis, including peripheral corticosterone (CORT) and adreno corticotropic hormone (ACTH) release, release of AVP and CRH into the pituitary portal system, colocalization of CRH and AVP in vesicles in the external zone of the median eminence, and increased CRH and AVP immunoreactivity in the PVN and median eminence [10][11][12][13]. Chronic stress or glucocorticoid administration elicit down-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding in the hippocampus [14,15], a region implicated in regu lation of HPA activation and ACTH secretagogue biosyn thesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Changes in Neuroendocrine Stress-Integrative Circuitry Produced by a Variable Stress Paradigm

Herman

Adams

Prewitt³

1995

Neuroendocrinology

419

297

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Stress represents a complex stimulus to neuroendocrine systems regulating homeostasis. By and large, stress effects are mediated by stress-integrative corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons present in the medial parvocellular division of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). These neurons summate a large variety of neuronal and hormonal signals to eventually yield a physiologically meaningful level of circulating glucocorticoids. In the present experiments, we examined the effects of a chronic variable-stressor paradigm on indices of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretagogue biosynthesis in the PVN and adrenocorticosteroid receptor mRNA expression in the hippocampal formation, PVN and cortex. The variable-stressor paradigm produces a syndrome consistent with chronic stress, including baseline hypersecretion of corticosterone, ACTH and prolactin, and adrenal hypertrophy. CRH mRNA levels in the PVN are increased some 61 %, consistent with the observed hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) up-regulation. There was a small but significant increase in arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA expression in individual parvocellular PVN neurons (16%), and no demonstrable increase in the number of AVP mRNA-containing neurons. No change in AVP expression was seen in the magnocellular PVN, supraoptic or suprachiasmatic nuclei. In all, these data highlight the importance of CRH in maintaining HPA up-regulation in the face of prolonged challenge. To investigate effects of chronic stress on the regulation of glucocorticoid receptivity, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was assessed in the hippocampus, frontoparietal cortex and PVN. Chronic stress significantly down-regulated MR mRNA expression in subfields CA1, CA3 and the dentate gyrus (DG), and GR mRNA expression in subfields CA1, the DG and frontoparietal cortex. The reduction in receptor biosynthesis suggests the capacity for stress to modulate the impact of glucocorticoid on hippocampal cell physiology at the genomic level, potentially influencing processes ranging from cognition to feedback regulation of the HPA axis. At the level of the parvocellular PVN, GR mRNA expression was decreased to 60% of control values. GR mRNA expression was negatively correlated with PVN CRH mRNA expression, suggesting a relationship between elevated CRH gene expression and down-regulation of GR at the level of the PVN.

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Genomic Effects of Cold and Isolation Stress on Magnocellular Vasopressin mRNA‐Containing Cells in the Hypothalamus of the Rat

Cited by 48 publications

References 30 publications

Nicotine Self-Administration Differentially Regulates Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Arginine Vasopressin mRNAs and Facilitates Stress-Induced Neuronal Activation

Nicotine Self-Administration Differentially Regulates Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Arginine Vasopressin mRNAs and Facilitates Stress-Induced Neuronal Activation

Increased Expression of Magnocellular Vasopressin mRNA in Rats with Deoxycorticosterone-Acetate Induced Salt Appetite

Regulatory Changes in Neuroendocrine Stress-Integrative Circuitry Produced by a Variable Stress Paradigm

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