Genomic Diversity of a Globally Used, Live Attenuated Mycoplasma Vaccine

Klose, Sara M.; Olaogun, Olusola Martins; Disint, Jillian; Shil, Pollob; Gyuranecz, Miklós; Kreizinger, Zsuzsa; Földi, Dorottya; Catania, Salvatore; Bottinelli, Marco; Dall'Ora, Arianna; Feberwee, Anneke; Most, Marleen van der; Andrews, Daniel M.; Underwood, Gregory J.; Morrow, Chris J.; Noormohammadi, Amir H.; Marenda, Marc S.

doi:10.1128/spectrum.02845-22

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Some mycoplasmas have been found to exhibit significant genetic plasticity and to evolve rapidly, mainly driven by intra-species spontaneous mutation and recombination or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between and within species, facilitating swift adaptation to environmental changes, enhancing survival and/or virulence [ 6 9 ]. Studies examining the genomic stability of Mycoplasma synoviae have revealed that mutations occur frequently during infection in birds [ 10 ], and that rapid thermoadaptive evolution can occur in vitro and in vivo [ 11 ], presumably to regain fitness and pathogenicity [ 12 13 ]. HGT appears to occur more frequently between species that share an ecological niche, irrespective of their phylogenetic divergence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling genome plasticity and a novel phage in Mycoplasma felis: Genomic investigations of four feline isolates

Klose,

Legione,

Bushell

et al. 2024

Microbial Genomics

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Mycoplasma felis has been isolated from diseased cats and horses, but to date only a single fully assembled genome of this species, of an isolate from a horse, has been characterized. This study aimed to characterize and compare the completely assembled genomes of four clinical isolates of M. felis from three domestic cats, assembled with the aid of short- and long-read sequencing methods. The completed genomes encoded a median of 759 ORFs (range 743–777) and had a median average nucleotide identity of 98.2 % with the genome of the available equid origin reference strain. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the occurrence of multiple horizontal gene transfer events and significant genome reassortment. This had resulted in the acquisition or loss of numerous genes within the Australian felid isolate genomes, encoding putative proteins involved in DNA transfer, metabolism, DNA replication, host cell interaction and restriction modification systems. Additionally, a novel mycoplasma phage was detected in one Australian felid M. felis isolate by genomic analysis and visualized using cryo-transmission electron microscopy. This study has highlighted the complex genomic dynamics in different host environments. Furthermore, the sequences obtained in this work will enable the development of new diagnostic tools, and identification of future infection control and treatment options for the respiratory disease complex in cats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling genome plasticity and a novel phage in Mycoplasma felis: Genomic investigations of four feline isolates

Klose,

Legione,

Bushell

et al. 2024

Microbial Genomics

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show abstract

“…Mycoplasmas are known for their rapid evolution and genetic plasticity, mainly driven by intraspecies spontaneous mutation or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between and within species, facilitating swift adaptation to environmental changes and enhancing survival and/or virulence [6][7][8][9]. Studies examining the genomic stability of Mycoplasma synoviae revealed that it not only undergoes frequent mutations in birds [10], but also manifests rapid thermoadaptive evolution in vitro and in vivo [11], presumably to regain fitness and pathogenicity [12,13]. HGT is observed to occur more frequently between species that share an ecological niche irrespective of their phylogenetic divergence, such as transfer of surface VlhA lipoprotein involved in phase variation from Mycoplasma gallisepticum to M. synoviae infecting poultry [14], and transfer of several surface lipoproteins involved in host colonisation from Mycoplasma capricolum subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some mycoplasmas have been found to exhibit significant genetic plasticity and to evolve rapidly, mainly driven by intra-species spontaneous mutation and recombination or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between and within species, facilitating swift adaptation to environmental changes, enhancing survival and/or virulence [6][7][8][9]. Studies examining the genomic stability of Mycoplasma synoviae have revealed that mutations occur frequently during infection in birds [10], and that rapid thermoadaptive evolution can occur in vitro and in vivo [11], presumably to regain fitness and pathogenicity [12,13]. HGT appears to occur more frequently between species that share an ecological niche, irrespective of their phylogenetic divergence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling genome plasticity and a novel phage inMycoplasma felis: genomic investigations of four feline isolates

Klose,

Legione,

Bushell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We present the complete genomes of four clinical isolates ofMycoplasma felisfrom three domestic cats, assembled with the aid of short and long read sequencing methods. The completed genomes encode a median of 759 open reading frames (min, 743, max 777) and a median 98.2% average nucleotide identity to that of the available equid origin reference strain. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the occurrence of multiple horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events and genome reassortment. This resulted in the acquisition or loss of numerous genes within the Australian felid genomes, encoding putative proteins involved in DNA transfer, metabolism, DNA replication, host cell interaction, and restriction modification systems. Additionally, a novel mycoplasma phage was detected in one Australian felidM. felisisolate via genomic analysis and visualised via cryo transmission electron microscopy. This research identifies complex genomic dynamics and evolutionary adaptation of mycoplasmas to different host environments. Furthermore, the sequences obtained in this work are important for the development of new diagnostic tools, and identification of future infection control and treatment options for respiratory disease complex in cats.Data summaryAll genome data for this study have been deposited in GenBank under BioProject PRJNA906261. Genome assemblies, as well as Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequence reads for each isolate can be found under their respective BioSamples:SAMN32182834(isolate 047),SAMN32182835(isolate 219),SAMN32182836(isolate 329), andSAMN32182837(isolate 632). The authors confirm all supporting data and protocols have been provided within the article.Impact statementMycoplasma felisis commonly associated with clinical cases of conjunctivitis and feline respiratory disease complex in cats, the leading cause of euthanasia in shelters. In the absence of vaccines, infection control is currently limited to the prolonged use of antimicrobials. Prior to this study there was only one complete genome assembly ofM. felis, which was isolated from a horse. The outcomes from this study marks the first high quality hybrid assembled genomes assembled from cats. This work adds four new genomes from clinical cases, as well as the identification and validation of the presence of a novel phage that utilises the mycoplasma translation table. The genome data presented here can assist future projects investigating improved diagnostics and development of new treatment options.RepositoriesAll sequence data and assemblies for data associated with this project can be found under the GenBank Bioproject: PRJNA906261

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Reversion of mutations in a live mycoplasma vaccine alters its metabolism

Klose

Souza

Disint

et al. 2023

Vaccine

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Genomic Diversity of a Globally Used, Live Attenuated Mycoplasma Vaccine

Abstract: Preventative measures, such as vaccination, are commonly used for the control of mycoplasmal infections in poultry. A live attenuated vaccine strain (Vaxsafe MS; MS-H; Bioproperties Pty.

Cited by 4 publications

References 68 publications

Unveiling genome plasticity and a novel phage in Mycoplasma felis: Genomic investigations of four feline isolates

Unveiling genome plasticity and a novel phage in Mycoplasma felis: Genomic investigations of four feline isolates

Unveiling genome plasticity and a novel phage inMycoplasma felis: genomic investigations of four feline isolates

Reversion of mutations in a live mycoplasma vaccine alters its metabolism

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