Genomic Diversity, Competition, and Toxin Production by Group I and II Clostridium botulinum Strains Used in Food Challenge Studies

Bowe, Brooke Kathryn; Wentz, Travis G.; Gregg, Brieana Marie; Tepp, William H.; Schill, Kristin M.; Sharma, Shashi; Pellett, Sabine

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10101895

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 69 publications

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“…A recent study characterized a cocktail composed of ten bacterial strains (seven proteolytic C. parabotulinum and three nonproteolytic C. botulinum ) that are commonly used for growth inhibition challenge studies using whole-genome sequencing and growth competition assays [ 108 ]. Overall, this study demonstrated that the strains in this cocktail were representative of the diversity of both C. parabotulinum (Group I) and C. botulinum (Group II) strains, and although mild competition among strains was observed, robust toxin production was detected in the culture medium when grown together, enabling the use of one cocktail of strains for studies of both proteolytic and nonproteolytic bacteria in a single assay.…”

Section: Effective Communications Involving Botulism Botulinum Neurot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the Complexities Involving the Identification of Botulinum Neurotoxins (BoNTs) and the Taxonomy of BoNT-Producing Clostridia

Smith,

Schill,

Williamson

2023

Toxins

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Botulinum neurotoxins are a varied group of protein toxins that share similar structures and modes of activity. They include at least seven serotypes and over forty subtypes that are produced by seven different clostridial species. These bacterial species are not limited strictly to BoNT-producers as neuro-toxigenic and non-neuro-toxigenic members have been identified within each species. The nomenclature surrounding these toxins and associated bacteria has been evolving as new isolations and discoveries have arisen, resulting in challenges in diagnostic reporting, epidemiology and food safety studies, and in the application of therapeutic products. An understanding of the intricacies regarding the nomenclature of BoNTs and BoNT-producing clostridia is crucial for communication that allows for accurate reporting of information that is pertinent to each situation.

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Section: Effective Communications Involving Botulism Botulinum Neurot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the Complexities Involving the Identification of Botulinum Neurotoxins (BoNTs) and the Taxonomy of BoNT-Producing Clostridia

Smith,

Schill,

Williamson

2023

Toxins

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Prevention methods for clostridial infection of cattle on the territory of the Russian Federation

Bezborodova,

Tomskikh,

Kozhuhovskaya

et al. 2023

Sib. vestn. s-h. nauki

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This article presents a review of the literature data of foreign and domestic scientists, as well as an analysis of the results of our own research on the problem of clostridial infections in cattle. This paper provides insight into current etiological structure of clostridiosis in the Russian Federation in accordance with the data of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Veterinary Medicine”. The species composition of bacteria of the genus Clostridium, which causes diseases in cattle in more than 17 regions of Russia, is described. Moreover, data on the Clostridia species diversity in the Ural region and information on vaccination against blackleg of cattle bred in the Sverdlovsk region are presented. The issues of immunogenicity of vaccines and the effectiveness of their use in cattle, depending on various factors, are highlighted. Up-to-date information on immunobiological preparations against clostridial diseases in cattle officially included in the register of medicinal products of the Russian Federation is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of domestic and foreign vaccines used in veterinary practice are analyzed. A review of current data in the field of new developments of Russian immunobiological agents against clostridial infections in cattle is presented. Comparative data on the use of domestic and foreign vaccines in veterinary practice at agricultural organizations are given. In a brief form, the main preventive measures for each infectious disease caused by clostridia are described.

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Molecular Diversity of BoNT-Producing Clostridia—A Still-Emerging and Challenging Problem

et al. 2023

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The diversity of BoNT-producing Clostridia is still a worrying problem for specialists who explore the evolutionary and taxonomic diversity of C. botulinum. It is also a problem for epidemiologists and laboratory staff conducting investigations into foodborne botulism in humans and animals, because their genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity cause complications in choosing the proper analytical tools and in reliably interpreting results. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by several bacterial groups that meet all the criteria of distinct species. Despite this, the historical designation of C. botulinum as the one species that produces botulinum toxins is still exploited. New genetic tools such as whole-genome sequencing (WGS) indicate horizontal gene transfer and the occurrence of botulinum gene clusters that are not limited only to Clostridium spp., but also to Gram-negative aerobic species. The literature data regarding the mentioned heterogeneity of BoNT-producing Clostridia indicate the requirement to reclassify C. botulinum species and other microorganisms able to produce BoNTs or possessing botulinum-like gene clusters. The aim of this study was to present the problem of the diversity of BoNT-producing Clostridia over time and new trends toward obtaining a reliable classification of these microorganisms, based on a complex review of the literature.

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Genomic Diversity, Competition, and Toxin Production by Group I and II Clostridium botulinum Strains Used in Food Challenge Studies

Cited by 3 publications

References 69 publications

Navigating the Complexities Involving the Identification of Botulinum Neurotoxins (BoNTs) and the Taxonomy of BoNT-Producing Clostridia

Navigating the Complexities Involving the Identification of Botulinum Neurotoxins (BoNTs) and the Taxonomy of BoNT-Producing Clostridia

Prevention methods for clostridial infection of cattle on the territory of the Russian Federation

Molecular Diversity of BoNT-Producing Clostridia—A Still-Emerging and Challenging Problem

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