Genomic diversity and macroecology of the crop wild relatives of domesticated pea

Abstract

There is growing interest in the conservation and utilization of crop wild relatives (CWR) in international food security policy and research. Legumes play an important role in human health, sustainable food production, global food security, and the resilience of current agricultural systems. Pea belongs to the ancient set of cultivated plants of the Near East domestication center and remains an important crop today. Based on genome-wide analysis, P. fulvum was identified as a well-supported species, while the diversity of wild P. sativum subsp. elatius was structured into 5 partly geographically positioned clusters. We explored the spatial and environmental patterns of two progenitor species of domesticated pea in the Mediterranean Basin and in the Fertile Crescent in relation to the past and current climate. This study revealed that isolation by distance does not explain the genetic structure of P. sativum subsp. elatius in its westward expansion from its center of origin. The genetic diversity of wild pea may be driven by Miocene-Pliocene events, while the phylogenetic diversity centers may reflect Pleisto-Holocene climatic changes. These findings help set research and discussion priorities and provide geographical and ecological information for germplasm-collecting missions, as well as for the preservation of extant diversity in ex-situ collections.

Potential and limits of exploitation of crop wild relatives for pea, lentil, and chickpea improvement

“…Wild pea ( P. sativum subsp. elatius ) has a rather broad geographical distribution, with populations scattered over a great area of the Mediterranean basin and central Asia, with the greatest diversity in the Near East (Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel), whereas the distribution of P. fulvum is mainly restricted to the Middle East (Ladizinsky & Abbo, 2015; Smýkal et al, 2017). Population genetics and spatial genetic modeling approaches were used to disentangle the relative roles of geographic and climatic factors in shaping the population's genetic structure of P. sativum subsp.…”

DNA Fingerprinting and Species Identification Uncovers the Genetic Diversity of Katsouni Pea in the Greek Islands Amorgos and Schinoussa

“…& Graebn) and the domesticated pea, Pisum sativum subsp. sativum.Phylogenetic analyses of various pea taxa with molecular markers indicate that hybridization between wild peas is not an extensive phenomenon [8]. The recently annotated pea genome sequence and the resequencing of data from 42 wild, landrace and cultivar Pisum genotypes, provided further insights into legume genome evolution [9].…”

“…elatius, which occurred in the western half region of the Fertile Crescent [13] and then a small sample was introduced to north-eastern Africa, where it evolved into the modern P. abyssinicum [14]. The very low genetic diversity in the Abyssinian pea suggests that the taxon has recently experienced a severe bottleneck or is a relatively young taxon [10] and the hybridization event has most likely occurred about 4000 years bp [15].The Pisum genus is very diverse, showing the gamut of relatedness that reflect taxonomic identifiers, eco-geography and breeding gene pools [8,12,16,17]. Several phenotypic classification studies on pea germplasm are based on agronomical characteristics and morphological descriptors [18][19][20][21], which are unreliable for the evaluation of pea genetic resources and the identification of different cultivars in the Fabaceae family [22], especially considering the environmental effects on the expression of the genotype.…”

“…Several different molecular methods have been previously employed to assess the genetic diversity in the Pisum genus, such as Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) [23][24][25], Inter-Single Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) [23,24,26], Single Sequence Repeats (SSR) [27,28], Retrotransposon-Based Insertion Polymorphism (RBIP) markers [13,17,[29][30][31] and Expressed Sequence Tags (EST)-derived genomic markers [32]. Additionally, high-throughput parallel genotyping via genome-wide next generation sequencing techniques have also been used to study the diversity of wild pea [8,33,34].An alternative method for the simple and accurate authentication of plant species is DNA Barcoding. The rbcL and matK regions have been recommended as core DNA barcodes for plant identification [35].…”

“…The Pisum genus is very diverse, showing the gamut of relatedness that reflect taxonomic identifiers, eco-geography and breeding gene pools [8,12,16,17]. Several phenotypic classification studies on pea germplasm are based on agronomical characteristics and morphological descriptors [18][19][20][21], which are unreliable for the evaluation of pea genetic resources and the identification of different cultivars in the Fabaceae family [22], especially considering the environmental effects on the expression of the genotype.…”