Genomic Designing for Climate Smart Finger Millet

Niazi, Adnan; Tesfaye, Kassahun; Lule, Dagnachew; Wanyonyi, Solomon; Kunguni, Josephine Sarah

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93381-8_7

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…E. indica (AA) is the AA genome donor, while the BB genome donor remains unknown. More than 37,000 wild and cultivated finger millet germplasm has been conserved globally (Vetriventhan et al 2016 ) in various gene banks, with the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources in India having the highest number of collections (> 10,000) followed by the International Crops research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) (7519) (Odeny et al 2020 ). East Africa and India are considered the primary and secondary centers of diversity, respectively (Bisht and Mukai 2002) for finger millet, and accessions from the two regions appear to be genetically and morphologically distinct (Arya et al 2013 ; Babu et al 2014a ; Ramakrishnan et al 2015 ; Puranik et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Genetics and Breeding Of Select Climate Smart Orphan Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and breeding for climate change in Orphan crops

et al. 2021

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Climate change is rapidly changing how we live, what we eat and produce, the crops we breed and the target traits. Previously underutilized orphan crops that are climate resilient are receiving much attention from the crops research community, as they are often the only crops left in the field after periods of extreme weather conditions. There are several orphan crops with incredible resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some are nutritious, while others provide good sources of biofuel, medicine and other industrial raw materials. Despite these benefits, orphan crops are still lacking in important genetic and genomic resources that could be used to fast track their improvement and make their production profitable. Progress has been made in generating draft genomes of at least 28 orphan crops over the last decade, thanks to the reducing cost of sequencing. The implementation of a structured breeding program that takes advantage of additional modern crop improvement tools such as genomic selection, speed breeding, genome editing, high throughput phenotyping and breeding digitization would make rapid improvement of these orphan crops possible, but would require coordinated research investment. Other production challenges such as lack of adequate germplasm conservation, poor/non-existent seed systems and agricultural extension services, as well as poor marketing channels will also need to be improved if orphan crops were to be profitable. We review the importance of breeding orphan crops under the increasing effects of climate change, highlight existing gaps that need to be addressed and share some lessons to be learned from major crops.

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Section: Genetics and Breeding Of Select Climate Smart Orphan Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and breeding for climate change in Orphan crops

et al. 2021

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“…Finger millet varieties with resistance to M. oryzae fungi offer a cost-effective, easy-touse, and environmentally-friendly management strategy (Pastor-Corrales et al, 1998). Several sources of blast disease resistance have been identified among primary and secondary gene pools of finger millet (Wang et al, 1994;Babu et al, 2014b;Ramakrishnan et al, 2016;Odeny et al, 2020), However, development of varieties with durable blast disease resistance is difficult. In particular, the broad and dynamic virulence diversity of the blast pathogen has been a limiting factor for host-plant resistance to blast disease because it renders the resistant varieties susceptible within a short period (Odeny et al, 2020).…”

Section: Gene Pyramiding For Blast Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blast resistance in finger millet has been studied using comparative genomics, and different approaches have been used to genetically improve finger millet for effective, durable resistance to important diseases. Several R -genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) in finger millet linked to the blast pathogen have been reported and sequenced ( Ramakrishnan et al, 2016 ; Odeny et al, 2020 ). These genes and QTL show high sequence similarity in rice and barley, signifying a common evolutionary ancestry for these R -genes ( Ramakrishnan et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding Strategies and Challenges in the Improvement of Blast Disease Resistance in Finger Millet. A Current Review

Mbinda

Masaki

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Climate change has significantly altered the biodiversity of crop pests and pathogens, posing a major challenge to sustainable crop production. At the same time, with the increasing global population, there is growing pressure on plant breeders to secure the projected food demand by improving the prevailing yield of major food crops. Finger millet is an important cereal crop in southern Asia and eastern Africa, with excellent nutraceutical properties, long storage period, and a unique ability to grow under arid and semi-arid environmental conditions. Finger millet blast disease caused by the filamentous ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is the most devastating disease affecting the growth and yield of this crop in all its growing regions. The frequent breakdown of blast resistance because of the susceptibility to rapidly evolving virulent genes of the pathogen causes yield instability in all finger millet-growing areas. The deployment of novel and efficient strategies that provide dynamic and durable resistance against many biotypes of the pathogen and across a wide range of agro-ecological zones guarantees future sustainable production of finger millet. Here, we analyze the breeding strategies currently being used for improving resistance to disease and discuss potential future directions toward the development of new blast-resistant finger millet varieties, providing a comprehensive understanding of promising concepts for finger millet breeding. The review also includes empirical examples of how advanced molecular tools have been used in breeding durably blast-resistant cultivars. The techniques highlighted are cost-effective high-throughput methods that strongly reduce the generation cycle and accelerate both breeding and research programs, providing an alternative to conventional breeding methods for rapid introgression of disease resistance genes into favorable, susceptible cultivars. New information and knowledge gathered here will undoubtedly offer new insights into sustainable finger millet disease control and efficient optimization of the crop’s productivity.

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“…subsp. coracana ) is a nutrient‐dense tetraploid (2 n = 4 x = 36) cereal crop grown mainly in the marginal and medium agricultural zones of the developing world (Dida, Srinivasachary, Ramakrishna, Bennetzen, Gale, & Devos, 2007; Odeny et al., 2020). It belongs to the family Poaceae, genus Eleusine in the tribe Eragrostideae and is believed to have been domesticated in the east‐African region from wild finger millet ( Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel sources of resistance to blast disease in finger millet

et al. 2021

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Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. coracana) is the most important millet in eastern Africa and perhaps the oldest domesticated cereal grain in Africa. One of the major factors limiting finger millet production is blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Crop wild relatives and landraces present a potential source of novel genes. This study investigated the response of cultivated and wild relatives of finger millet to an isolate of blast disease from western Kenya. Previous germplasm collections were purified through two generations of single‐seed descent before screening alongside improved and farmer‐preferred varieties (FPVs) under a screen house across three seasons. Farmer‐preferred varieties were identified through participatory varietal selection (PVS). The plants were inoculated twice during each growth period using hand‐spraying method and data on disease incidence recorded at grain‐filling stage. Genotypic data was generated using diversity arrays technology (DArT) sequencing and data analysis done using Genstat 18.2 and TASSEL 5.2.58. We observed high heritability (81%), indicating that the variation observed was predominantly genetic. Wild accessions were generally more resistant to the disease in comparison to the cultivated accessions. Preliminary genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using general linear model with principal component analysis led to the identification of 19 markers associated with blast disease that will be be developed into assays for genotype quality control and trait introgression. Wild accessions and landraces of finger millet present a good reservoir for novel genes that can be incorporated into crop improvement programs.

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Genomic Designing for Climate Smart Finger Millet

Cited by 11 publications

References 81 publications

Genetics and breeding for climate change in Orphan crops

Genetics and breeding for climate change in Orphan crops

Breeding Strategies and Challenges in the Improvement of Blast Disease Resistance in Finger Millet. A Current Review

Novel sources of resistance to blast disease in finger millet

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