Genomic Deletion Marking an Emerging Subclone of
            <i>Francisella tularensis</i>
            subsp.
            <i>holarctica</i>
            in France and the Iberian Peninsula

Dempsey, Michael P.; Dobson, Michael E.; Zhang, C; Zhang, M; Lion, C.; Gutiérrez-Martín, César B.; Iwen, Peter C.; Fey, Paul D.; Olson, Michael E.; Niemeyer, Debra M.; Francesconi, Stephen C.; Crawford, R. M. M.; Stanley, Miles; Rhodes, Johanna; Wagner, David M.; Vogler, Amy J.; Birdsell, Dawn N.; Keim, Paul; Johansson, Anders; Hinrichs, Steven H.; Benson, Andrew K.

doi:10.1128/aem.00646-07

Cited by 33 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…The lack of MLVA diversity among our expanded set of French B.Br.FTNF002-00 isolates ( Fig. 5; also see Table S1 in the supplemental material) corroborates previous findings (7) and indicates that the spread of this clade throughout France and the Iberian Peninsula was likely a very recent event. The relative nearest to this clade, isolate F0228, is the only isolate within subclade B.Br.010/011 and may indicate a Scandinavian origin for the clade found in France and the Iberian Peninsula ( Fig.…”

Section: Vol 191 2009supporting

confidence: 78%

Phylogeography of Francisella tularensis : Global Expansion of a Highly Fit Clone

et al. 2009

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Francisella tularensis contains several highly pathogenic subspecies, including Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, whose distribution is circumpolar in the northern hemisphere. The phylogeography of these subspecies and their subclades was examined using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, high-density microarray SNP genotyping, and real-time-PCR-based canonical SNP (canSNP) assays. Almost 30,000 SNPs were identified among 13 whole genomes for phylogenetic analysis. We selected 1,655 SNPs to genotype 95 isolates on a high-density microarray platform. Finally, 23 clade-and subclade-specific canSNPs were identified and used to genotype 496 isolates to establish global geographic genetic patterns. We confirm previous findings concerning the four subspecies and two Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis subpopulations and identify additional structure within these groups. We identify 11 subclades within F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, including a new, genetically distinct subclade that appears intermediate between Japanese F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates and the common F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates associated with the radiation event (the B radiation) wherein this subspecies spread throughout the northern hemisphere. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a North American origin for this B-radiation clade and multiple dispersal events between North America and Eurasia. These findings indicate a complex transmission history for F. tularensis subsp. holarctica.

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Section: Vol 191 2009supporting

confidence: 78%

Phylogeography of Francisella tularensis : Global Expansion of a Highly Fit Clone

et al. 2009

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“…holarctica that is circulating in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland. 4,7,10,19 Sequence analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphism markers B.18 (derived state) and B.19 (ancestral state) confirmed the subclade B4.FTNF002-00, 21 which is endemic in Switzerland. Multiple-loci variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis 2,13,19 was performed, and the isolated strain showed a VNTR profile that is circulating in Switzerland.…”

Section: Research-article2013mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The strain was identified as subspecies holarctica by PCR. 1 An additional PCR targeting the region of difference 23 was performed as previously described, 4 and the amplicon size corresponded to the emerging clone from Western Europe of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica that is circulating in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland.…”

Section: Research-article2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Francisella tularensisinfection in a stone marten (Martes foina) without classic pathological lesions consistent with tularemia

Origgi

Pilo

2013

J VET Diagn Invest

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The current report describes the isolation and typing of a strain of Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, from the spleen of a stone marten ( Martes foina) showing no classic lesions consistent with the disease. The identification of this bacterium, belonging to the World Health Organization risk 3 category and considered to have a low infectious dose, could be performed only because of an ongoing project screening F. tularensis in the environment sensu lato. The findings described herein should alert diagnostic laboratories of the possible presence of F. tularensis in clinical samples in countries where tularemia is endemic even in cases with no consistent anamnesis and from unsuspected animal species.

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“…holarctica originated from North America and was introduced multiple times into Eurasia (15,33). Furthermore, comparative genome hybridization and sequencing were used to demonstrate a unique deletion present within an F. tularensis isolate found in an Iberian Peninsula tularemia outbreak (2,7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Francisella tularensis Molecular Typing Using Differential Insertion Sequence Amplification

et al. 2011

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Tularemia is a potentially fatal disease that is caused by the highly infectious and zoonotic pathogen Francisella tularensis. Despite the monomorphic nature of sequenced F. tularensis genomes, there is a significant degree of plasticity in the organization of genetic elements. The observed variability in these genomes is due primarily to the transposition of direct repeats and insertion sequence (IS) elements. Since current methods used to genotype F. tularensis are time-consuming and require extensive laboratory resources, IS elements were investigated as a means to subtype this organism. The unique spatial location of specific IS elements provided the basis for the development of a differential IS amplification (DISA) assay to detect and distinguish the more virulent F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (subtypes A.I and A.II) and subsp. holarctica (type B) strains from F. tularensis subsp. novicida and other near neighbors, including Francisella philomiragia and Francisella-like endosymbionts found in ticks. Amplicon sizes and sequences derived from DISA showed heterogeneity within members of the subtype A.I and A.II isolates but not the type B strains. These differences were due to a 312-bp fragment derived from the IS element ISFtu1. Analysis of wild-type F. tularensis isolates by DISA correlated with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping utilizing two different restriction endonucleases and provided rapid results with minimal sample processing. The applicability of this molecular typing assay for environmental studies was demonstrated by the accurate identification and differentiation of tick-borne F. tularensis. The described approach to IS targeting and amplification provides new capability for epidemiological investigations and characterizations of tularemia source outbreaks.

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Genomic Deletion Marking an Emerging Subclone of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica in France and the Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Phylogeography of Francisella tularensis : Global Expansion of a Highly Fit Clone

Phylogeography of Francisella tularensis : Global Expansion of a Highly Fit Clone

Francisella tularensisinfection in a stone marten (Martes foina) without classic pathological lesions consistent with tularemia

Francisella tularensis Molecular Typing Using Differential Insertion Sequence Amplification

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