Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Kentucky ST198 isolated in poultry flocks in Spain (2011–2017)

Samper-Cativiela, Clara; Diéguez-Roda, Bernabé; Roza, Filipa Trigo da; Ugarte‐Ruiz, María; Elnekave, Ehud; Lim, Seunghyun; Hernández, Marta; Abad, David; Collado, Soledad; Sáez, José Luis; Frutos, Cristina de; Agüero, Montserrat; Moreno, M.; Escudero, José Antonio; Álvarez, Julio

doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000773

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The cat A1 gene is often associated with plasmids, transposons, and gene cassettes [ 39 ], and has recently been amplified in Salmonella enterica pRH-R11 and E. coli pRH-R111 plasmids coming from livestock in Germany [ 40 ]. Although the use of chloramphenicol in zootechnical species has been banned in Europe since 1994 due to its toxicity and potentially adverse effects resulting from residues in food-producing animals [ 41 ], resistant bacteria continue to harbor the relative gene [ 42 ]. The presence of the cat A1 gene highlighted in this investigation could be related to the same plasmid also carrying the aad A2 gene, the latter chosen as a target for resistance to aminoglycosides, as previously demonstrated by the evidence of the association between ARGs against chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance Genes Occurrence in Conventional and Antibiotic-Free Poultry Farming, Italy

Farooq

Smoglica

Ruffini³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Antimicrobial resistance is a complex and widespread problem threatening human and animal health. In poultry farms, a wide distribution of resistant bacteria and their relative genes is described worldwide, including in Italy. In this paper, a comparison of resistance gene distribution in litter samples, recovered from four conventional and four antibiotic-free broiler flocks, was performed to highlight any influence of farming systems on the spreading and maintenance of resistance determinants. Conventional PCR tests, targeting the resistance genes related to the most used antibiotics in poultry farming, along with some critically important antibiotics for human medicine, were applied. In conventional farms, n. 10 out of n. 30 investigated genes were present in at least one sample, the most abundant fragments being the tet genes specific for tetracyclines, followed by those for aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol. All conventional samples resulted negative for colistin, carbapenems, and vancomycin resistance genes. A similar trend was observed for antibiotic-free herds, with n. 13 out of n. 30 amplified genes, while a positivity for the mcr-1 gene, specific for colistin, was observed in one antibiotic-free flock. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference for the tetM gene, which was found more frequently in the antibiotic-free category. The analysis carried out in this study allowed us to obtain new data about the distribution of resistance patterns in the poultry industry in relation to farming types. The PCR test is a quick and non-expensive laboratory tool for the environmental monitoring of resistance determinants identifying potential indicators of AMR dissemination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance Genes Occurrence in Conventional and Antibiotic-Free Poultry Farming, Italy

Farooq

Smoglica

Ruffini³

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…For instance, over the last couple of years, S. Anatum and S. Agona were reported in turkeys and ranked in the top positions for the serovars identified, even though their notification from human cases is rather uncommon. The same is also true for S. Kentucky, which is frequently found in poultry flocks (it is the second most common serovar from laying hens [12.1%]); fortunately, it is rarely associated with human infections (Samper-Cativiela et al, 2022). These serovars can possess, as demonstrated especially for S. Infantis, various genetic strategies (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The European Union One Health 2022 Zoonoses Report

2023

EFS2

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This report by the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring and surveillance activities carried out in 2022 in 27 Member States (MSs), the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) and 11 non-MSs. Key statistics on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in humans, food, animals and feed are provided and interpreted historically. In 2022, the first and second most reported zoonoses in humans were campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis, respectively. The number of cases of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis remained stable in comparison with 2021. Nineteen MSs and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) achieved all the established targets in poultry populations for the reduction of Salmonella prevalence for the relevant serovars. Salmonella samples from carcases of various animal species, and samples for Campylobacter quantification from broiler carcases, were more frequently positive when performed by the competent authorities than when own checks were conducted. Yersiniosis was the third most reported zoonosis in humans, followed by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Listeria monocytogenes infections. L. monocytogenes and West Nile virus infections were the most severe zoonotic diseases, with the most hospitalisations and highest case fatality rates. In 2022, reporting showed an increase of more than 600% compared with 2021 in locally acquired cases of human West Nile virus infection, which is a mosquito-borne disease. In the EU, the number of reported foodborne outbreaks and cases, hospitalisations and deaths was higher in 2022 than in 2021. The number of deaths from outbreaks was the highest ever reported in the EU in the last 10 years, mainly caused by L. monocytogenes and to a lesser degree by Salmonella. Salmonella and in particular S. Enteritidis remained the most frequently reported causative agent for foodborne outbreaks. Norovirus (and other calicivirus) was the agent associated with the highest number of outbreak human cases. This report also provides updates on brucellosis, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), echinococcosis, rabies, toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis, infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (focusing on Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae) and tularaemia.

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“…While international travel has been linked to human salmonellosis caused by serovar Kentucky-II isolates [37], the observation of isolates belonging to this lineage in domestic cattle by us here and by others suggests that some human cases could be caused by domestic food animal production [24]. In Europe, human Kentucky-II cases (ST198) are often linked to international travel [62]; however, studies have shown that this lineage is expanding significantly in poultry flocks in Europe [33, 63, 64]. More recently, ST198 isolates (Kentucky-II) have been found in cattle and also swine in Africa [65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky

Richards,

Kue,

Norris

et al. 2023

Microbial Genomics

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Non-typhoidal Salmonella are extremely diverse and different serovars can exhibit varied phenotypes, including host adaptation and the ability to cause clinical illness in animals and humans. In the USA, Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky is infrequently found to cause human illness, despite being the top serovar isolated from broiler chickens. Conversely, in Europe, this serovar falls in the top 10 serovars linked to human salmonellosis. Serovar Kentucky is polyphyletic and has two lineages, Kentucky-I and Kentucky-II; isolates belonging to Kentucky-I are frequently isolated from poultry in the USA, while Kentucky-II isolates tend to be associated with human illness. In this study, we analysed whole-genome sequences and associated metadata deposited in public databases between 2017 and 2021 by federal agencies to determine serovar Kentucky incidence across different animal and human sources. Of 5151 genomes, 90.3 % were from isolates that came from broilers, while 5.9 % were from humans and 3.0 % were from cattle. Kentucky-I isolates were associated with broilers, while isolates belonging to Kentucky-II and a new lineage, Kentucky-III, were more commonly associated with cattle and humans. Very few serovar Kentucky isolates were associated with turkey and swine sources. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Kentucky-III genomes were more closely related to Kentucky-I, and this was confirmed by CRISPR-typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In a macrophage assay, serovar Kentucky-II isolates were able to replicate over eight times better than Kentucky-I isolates. Analysis of virulence factors showed unique patterns across these three groups, and these differences may be linked to their association with different hosts.

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Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Kentucky ST198 isolated in poultry flocks in Spain (2011–2017)

Cited by 12 publications

References 81 publications

Antibiotic Resistance Genes Occurrence in Conventional and Antibiotic-Free Poultry Farming, Italy

Antibiotic Resistance Genes Occurrence in Conventional and Antibiotic-Free Poultry Farming, Italy

The European Union One Health 2022 Zoonoses Report

Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky

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