Genomic Characteristics of Recently Recognized Vibrio cholerae El Tor Lineages Associated with Cholera in Bangladesh, 1991 to 2017

Monir, Md Mamun; Hossain, Talal; Morita, Masatomo; Ohnishi, Makoto; Johura, Fatema-Tuz; Sultana, Marzia; Monira, Shirajum; Ahmed, Tahmeed; Thomson, Nicholas R.; Watanabe, Haruo; Huq, Anwar; Colwell, Rita R.; Seed, Kimberley D.; Alam, Munirul

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00391-22

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Temporal switching of serotype and ctxB allele is common among V. cholerae O1 strains associated with endemic cholera. These strains can usually be divided into two clades at a genomic level -one clade represents strains predominantly having Inaba serotype and carrying ctxB1 allele while the other clade includes strains of the Ogawa serotype carrying ctxB7 allele (12,31). As a result, switching of serotype and ctxB allele usually occurs simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio cholerae O1 associated with recent endemic cholera shows temporal changes in serotype, genotype, and drug-resistance patterns in Bangladesh

Jubyda

Nahar

Barman

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Despite the advancement in our understanding of cholera and its etiological agent, V. cholerae, the prevention and treatment of the disease are often hindered due to rapid changes in drug response pattern, serotype, and the major genomic islands namely, the cholera toxin phage, and related genetic characteristics. In the present study, V. cholerae (n = 172) associated with endemic cholera in Dhaka during the years 2015–2021 were analyzed for major phenotypic and genetic characteristics, including drug resistance patterns. Results Results revealed that the V. cholerae strains belonged to serogroup O1 biotype El Tor carrying El Tor -specific genes rtxC, tcpA El Tor, and hlyA El Tor, but possessed classical-biotype cholera toxin. Serotypes of V. cholerae strains differed temporally in predominance with Inaba during 2015–2017, and again in 2020–2021, while Ogawa was the predominant serotype in 2018–2019. Also, ctxB1 was predominant in V. cholerae associated with cholera during 2015–2017, while ctxB7 was predominant in 2018, and in the subsequent years, as observed until 2021. V. cholerae strains differed in their antibiotic resistance pattern with a majority (97%) being multi-drug resistant (MDR) and belonging to eight sub-groups. Notably, one of these MDR strains was resistant to eleven of the eighteen antibiotics tested, with resistance to fourth-generation cephalosporin (cefepime), and aztreonam. This extreme drug resistant (XDR) strain carried resistance-related genes namely, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), blaOXA-1 and blaPER-3. Conclusion The observed temporal switching of serotypes, as well as the ctxB genotype, and the emergence of MDR/XDR V. cholerae and their association with endemic cholera in Dhaka underscore the need for routine monitoring of the pathogen for proper patient management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio cholerae O1 associated with recent endemic cholera shows temporal changes in serotype, genotype, and drug-resistance patterns in Bangladesh

Jubyda

Nahar

Barman

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The whole-genome sequence analysis of V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains associated with endemic cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Kolkata, India, showed two circulating lineages, one dominant in India and the other in Bangladesh 11 . To understand its evolutionary dynamics, a temporal genomic study of V. cholerae associated with endemic cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh (1991-2017) was undertaken 2 . Results revealed distinct genomic attributes for the two circulating lineages, BD-1 and BD-2, which were negatively associated with each other in endemic cholera in Bangladesh.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Relationships and Genetic Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…attributes, e.g., mutant genes, heterogeneity in VSP-II, vibrio pathogenic island 1 (VPI-1), mobile genetic elements, toxin encoding elements, total gene abundance, phage-inducible chromosomal islandlike element (PLE), and SXT-related integrating conjugative elements (SXT ICE) 2 . These genes and genomic islands have a crucial role in adaptation of the bacterium.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, SXT ICE elements encode resistance to multiple antibiotics 12 , VSP-II facilitates chemotactic responses and cell congregation 13 , and PLE protects against bacteriophage infection 14 . The BD-2 strains had more SNPs and indels (insertion-deletions) than BD-1, and also richness in gene abundance, including antimicrobial resistance genes, gene cassettes, and PLE against bacteriophage infection, and were predominantly associated with endemic cholera in Bangladesh between 2013 and 2017 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genomic attributes of Vibrio cholerae O1 responsible for 2022 massive cholera outbreak in Bangladesh

et al. 2023

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In 2022, one of its worst cholera outbreaks began in Bangladesh and the icddr,b Dhaka hospital treated more than 1300 patients and ca. 42,000 diarrheal cases from March-1 to April-10, 20221. Here, we present genomic attributes of V. cholerae O1 responsible for the 2022 Dhaka outbreak and 960 7th pandemic El Tor (7PET) strains from 88 countries. Results show strains isolated during the Dhaka outbreak cluster with 7PET wave-3 global clade strains, but comprise subclade BD-1.2, for which the most recent common ancestor appears to be that responsible for recent endemic cholera in India. BD-1.2 strains are present in Bangladesh since 2016, but not establishing dominance over BD-2 lineage strains2 until 2018 and predominantly associated with endemic cholera. In conclusion, the recent shift in lineage and genetic attributes, including serotype switching of BD-1.2 from Ogawa to Inaba, may explain the increasing number of cholera cases in Bangladesh.

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“…Pandemic V. cholerae strains continue to evolve by acquiring mutations in the core genome, thus introducing various lineages. In addition to the six defined lineages reported in prior studies 2,12,15 , nine additional lineages/groups of global and Asian clades were defined (Supplementary Table S1 and Fig. 3a).…”

Section: Emergence Of the Contemporary Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic attributes of Vibrio cholerae responsible for a massive cholera outbreak in Bangladesh, 2022

Alam

Monir²,

Islam³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Bangladesh is currently experiencing one of the worst cholera outbreaks in its history. The icddr,b hospital has treated a record number of patients, more than 1400 per day and ca. 40,000 diarrheal cases from the end of March through April 20221. A recent genomic study showed temporal progression of two lineages, BD-1 and BD-2, with the former linked to the 7th pandemic wave-3 global clade and the latter predominant in endemic cholera in Dhaka during 2013 and 20172. Here, we present genomic attributes of V. cholerae O1 responsible for the 2022 Dhaka cholera epidemic and genome phylogeny of 960 7th pandemic El Tor strains from 88 countries. Results show the Dhaka cholera etiological agent clustered with the 7th pandemic El Tor wave-3 global clade, but comprises a new subclade, BD-1.2, for which the most recent common ancestor appears to be of the globally distributed sublineage predominantly associated with recent endemic cholera in India. Results also suggest BD-1.2 was present in Bangladesh since 2016. However, it was not until 2018 that strains of the subclade successfully established dominance over the BD-2 during an expansion of the wave-3 global clade. It is concluded that the recent shift in predominant lineage and the observed genetic changes including serotype switch in BD-1.2 from Ogawa to Inaba may explain the increasing number of infections and massive outbreak of cholera during 2022 in Bangladesh.

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Genomic Characteristics of Recently Recognized Vibrio cholerae El Tor Lineages Associated with Cholera in Bangladesh, 1991 to 2017

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Vibrio cholerae O1 associated with recent endemic cholera shows temporal changes in serotype, genotype, and drug-resistance patterns in Bangladesh

Vibrio cholerae O1 associated with recent endemic cholera shows temporal changes in serotype, genotype, and drug-resistance patterns in Bangladesh

Genomic attributes of Vibrio cholerae O1 responsible for 2022 massive cholera outbreak in Bangladesh

Genomic attributes of Vibrio cholerae responsible for a massive cholera outbreak in Bangladesh, 2022

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