Genomic characteristics and comparative genomics analysis of Penicillium chrysogenum KF-25

Qin, Peng; Yuan, Yihui; Gao, Meiying; Chen, Xupeng; Liu, Biao; Liu, Pengming; Wu, Yan; Wu, Dang

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-144

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…For instance, a comparison between two strains of Penicillium chrysogenum from China and United States revealed a very low level of sequence divergence between the two strains measured as the density of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) between the two strains (∼0.08 SNPs/kb; Wang et al 2014 ). In contrast, a comparison of the P. chrysogenum type strain to P. chrysogenum KF-25 showed a high level of protein sequence divergence where proteins shared only 75.1% similarity on average, suggesting they are actually different species ( Peng et al 2014 ). In Aspergillus fumigatus , the comparison of two strains, A1163, a derivative strain of CBS144-89/CEA10 isolated from a patient in Paris, and Af293 isolated from a patient in United Kingdom, showed an identity of 99.8% at nucleotide level between the core genes ( Fedorova et al 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Contrasting Genomic Diversity in Two Closely Related Postharvest Pathogens:Penicillium digitatumandPenicillium expansum

et al. 2015

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Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum are two closely related fungal plant pathogens causing green and blue mold in harvested fruit, respectively. The two species differ in their host specificity, being P. digitatum restricted to citrus fruits and P. expansum able to infect a wide range of fruits after harvest. Although host-specific Penicillium species have been found to have a smaller gene content, it is so far unclear whether these different host specificities impact genome variation at the intraspecific level. Here we assessed genome variation across four P. digitatum and seven P. expansum isolates from geographically distant regions. Our results show very high similarity (average 0.06 SNPs [single nucleotide polymorphism] per kb) between globally distributed isolates of P. digitatum pointing to a recent expansion of a single lineage. This low level of genetic variation found in our samples contrasts with the higher genetic variability observed in the similarly distributed P. expansum isolates (2.44 SNPs per kb). Patterns of polymorphism in P. expansum indicate that recombination exists between genetically diverged strains. Consistent with the existence of sexual recombination and heterothallism, which was unknown for this species, we identified the two alternative mating types in different P. expansum isolates. Patterns of polymorphism in P. digitatum indicate a recent clonal population expansion of a single lineage that has reached worldwide distribution. We suggest that the contrasting patterns of genomic variation between the two species reflect underlying differences in population dynamics related with host specificities and related agricultural practices. It should be noted, however, that this results should be confirmed with a larger sampling of strains, as new strains may broaden the diversity so far found in P. digitatum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Contrasting Genomic Diversity in Two Closely Related Postharvest Pathogens:Penicillium digitatumandPenicillium expansum

et al. 2015

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“…Soil fungi produce a wide range of chemical compounds that have been utilized by humans for many years, such as monascorubrin and its derivatives from Monascus species, which serve as natural red colorants for food (5), and penicillin and derived ␤-lactam antibiotics produced by Penicillium chrysogenum (6). Soil fungi can also produce mycotoxins that contaminate human and animal food and that represent a threat to human and animal health (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription Factor NsdD Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in Plant Biomass-Degrading Enzymes, Conidiation, and Pigment Biosynthesis in Penicillium oxalicum

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Soil fungi produce a wide range of chemical compounds and enzymes with potential for applications in medicine and biotechnology. Cellular processes in soil fungi are highly dependent on the regulation under environmentally induced stress, but most of the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous work identified a key GATA-type transcription factor, NsdD (PoxNsdD; also called POX08415), that regulates the expression of cellulase and xylanase genes in PoxNsdD shares 57 to 64% identity with the key activator NsdD, involved in asexual development in In the present study, the regulatory roles of PoxNsdD in were further explored. Comparative transcriptomic profiling revealed that PoxNsdD regulates major genes involved in starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose degradation, as well as conidiation and pigment biosynthesis. Subsequent experiments confirmed that a Δ strain lost 43.9 to 78.8% of starch-digesting enzyme activity when grown on soluble corn starch, and it produced 54.9 to 146.0% more conidia than the Δ parental strain. During cultivation, Δ cultures changed color, from pale orange to brick red, while the Δ cultures remained bluish white. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that dynamically regulated the expression of a glucoamylase gene (/), an α-amylase gene (/), and a regulatory gene (/), as well as a polyketide synthase gene (//) for yellow pigment biosynthesis and a conidiation-regulated gene (/). Moreover, binding experiments showed that PoxNsdD bound the promoter regions of the above-described genes. This work provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fungal cellular processes and may assist in genetic engineering of for potential industrial and medical applications. Most filamentous fungi produce a vast number of extracellular enzymes that are used commercially for biorefineries of plant biomass to produce biofuels and value-added chemicals, which might promote the transition to a more environmentally friendly economy. The expression of these extracellular enzyme genes is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level, which limits their yields. Hitherto our understanding of the regulation of expression of plant biomass-degrading enzyme genes in filamentous fungi has been rather limited. In the present study, regulatory roles of a key regulator, PoxNsdD, were further explored in the soil fungus , contributing to the understanding of gene regulation in filamentous fungi and revealing the biotechnological potential of via genetic engineering.

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“…It is also known that in all these strains, P. chrysogenum Wis 54-1255, A. chrysogenum RNCM 408D and A. terreus No. 44-62, the only one copy of corresponding BGC is present, one copy of pen genes [86], one copy of "early" and "late" cef genes [32,41] and one copy on lov genes [84] respectively. In this regard, the CSI programs for these strains could follow a rather different pathway than P. chrysogenum DS17690 with eight copies of pen genes [30], without significant shifting and removing the global regulation of SM and mutation in LaeA.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Influencing Of Exogenous Pas On Sm Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random Mutagenesis of Filamentous Fungi Strains for High-Yield Production of Secondary Metabolites: The Role of Polyamines

Жгун¹

2021

Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity - Mechanisms and Test Methods

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A filamentous fungus (also called molds or moldy fungus) is a taxonomically diverse organism from phylum Zygomycota and Ascomycota with filamentous hyphae and has the ability to produce airborne spores or conidia. Currently, more than 70,000 molds are known, and some of them contain unique and unusual biochemical pathways. A number of products from such pathways, especially, the secondary metabolite (SM) pathways are used as important pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, statins, and immunodepresants. Under different conditions, the individual species can produce more than 100 SM. The strain improvement programs lead to high yielding in target SM and significant reduction of spin-off products. The main tool for the strain improvement of filamentous fungi is random mutagenesis and screening. The majority of industrial overproducing SM strains were developed with the help of such technique over the past 50–70 years; the yield of the target SM increased by 100- to 1000-fold or more. Moreover, most of the strains have reached their technological limit of improvement. A new round of mutagenesis has not increased overproduction. Recently, it was shown that that the addition of exogenous polyamines may increase the production of such improved strains of filamentous fungi. The possible molecular mechanism of this phenomenon and its biotechnological applications are discussed.

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Genomic characteristics and comparative genomics analysis of Penicillium chrysogenum KF-25

Cited by 15 publications

References 96 publications

Contrasting Genomic Diversity in Two Closely Related Postharvest Pathogens:Penicillium digitatumandPenicillium expansum

Contrasting Genomic Diversity in Two Closely Related Postharvest Pathogens:Penicillium digitatumandPenicillium expansum

Transcription Factor NsdD Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in Plant Biomass-Degrading Enzymes, Conidiation, and Pigment Biosynthesis in Penicillium oxalicum

Random Mutagenesis of Filamentous Fungi Strains for High-Yield Production of Secondary Metabolites: The Role of Polyamines

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