Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the toluene degrading black yeast Cladophialophora immunda

Blasi, Barbara; Tafer, Hakim; Kustor, Christina; Poyntner, Caroline; Lopandić, Ksenija; Sterflinger, Katja

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11807-8

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Studies have demonstrated that toluene triggers the expression of fungal antioxidants to induce cell detoxification and to reduce the impact of the damage caused by ROS (Blasi et al ., 2017). In this study, fungi growing at 0.01 and 0.10% toluene showed marked resistance to H 2 O 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive stress response induced by toluene increasesSporothrix schenckiivirulence and host immune response

Téllez-Martínez

Batista-Duharte

Silva

et al. 2019

Preprint

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24Environmental factors modify the physiology of microorganisms, allowing their survival in 25 extreme conditions. However, the influence of chemical contaminants on fungal virulence has 26 been little studied. Sporotrichosis is an emergent fungal disease caused by Sporothrix schenckii, 27 a soil-inhabiting fungus that has been found in polluted environments. Here, we evaluated the 28 adaptive stress response of S. schenckii induced by toluene, a key soil contaminant. The effect 29 on fungal virulence and host immune response was also assessed. The fungus survived up to 30 0.10% toluene in liquid medium. Greater production of melanosomes and enhanced activity 31 superoxide dismutase, associated to increased tolerance to H2O2 were observed in toluene-32 exposed fungi. Intraperitoneal infection of mice with S. schenckii treated with either 0, 0.01 or 33 0.1% of toluene, resulted in greater fungal burden at day 7 post-infection in spleen and liver in 34 the groups infected with fungus treated with toluene 0.1%. A higher production of Il-1β, TNF-35 α, IL-10 and nitric oxyde by peritoneal macrophages and IFNɣ, IL-4 and IL-17 by splenocytes 36 was also observed in that group. Our findings showed that morphological and functional 37 changes induced by toluene leads to increased S. schenckii virulence and antifungal host 38 immune response in our model. 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 78 Aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers, 79 collectively known as BTEX, are one of the major contributors to environmental pollution. 80 BTEX are extensively used as solvents in many industrial processes and as base reagents for 81 the production of chemicals products. In addition, BTEX are components of gasoline and 82 aviation fuels. They are often released in the environment during production, transport, use and 83 disposal, causing groundwater, surface water, and soil contamination. Toluene has been found 84 in at least 1,012 of the 1,699 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental 85 Protection Agency (EPA) and it is included in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease 86 Registry (ATSDR) 2017 substance priority list, which is based on a combination of their 87 frequency, toxicity, and potential for human exposure (Agency for Toxic Substances and 88 Disease Registry. ATSDR's Substance Priority List. 2017).89Prenafreta-Boldu isolated several fungi, including S. schenckii, in biofilters exposed to 90 polluted air or hydrocarbon gas streams. The data from this research showed that volatile 91 hydrocarbon-degrading strains are closely related to a very restricted number of pathogenic 92 fungal species that cause severe mycoses, especially neurological infections, in 93 immunocompetent individuals (Prenafeta-Boldú et al., 2006). 94To date, there have been no studies examining the influence of chemical contaminants 95 on the biology of S. schenckii sensu latu. Given that this fungus inhabits soils and this niche is 96 frequently contaminated with oil and their products, the objective of this...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive stress response induced by toluene increasesSporothrix schenckiivirulence and host immune response

Téllez-Martínez

Batista-Duharte

Silva

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Due to the abundance and high diversity of CYPs in Chaetothyriales (Teixeira et al 2017;Vicente et al 2017), this family of enzymes has been suggested to play an essential role in the adaptation to extreme environments. For example, in the hydrocarbon degrading fungus Cladophialora immunda, CYPs are among the most overrepresented protein domains and are upregulated when the fungus was grown in the presence of toluene (Blasi et al 2017). Indeed, recent studies have concluded that some families of CYPs are associated with the initial oxidation of the methyl group of toluene being one of the key reactions for the degradation of pollutants (Luykx et al 2003;Blasi et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in the hydrocarbon degrading fungus Cladophialora immunda, CYPs are among the most overrepresented protein domains and are upregulated when the fungus was grown in the presence of toluene (Blasi et al 2017). Indeed, recent studies have concluded that some families of CYPs are associated with the initial oxidation of the methyl group of toluene being one of the key reactions for the degradation of pollutants (Luykx et al 2003;Blasi et al 2017). CYPs are essential for the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from multiple anthropogenic sources, such as oil spills and incomplete combustion of organic materials (e.g., coal, oil, petrol, and wood) (Abdel-Shafy and Mansour 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upregulation of membrane transporters and increased gene dosage of this family of proteins are well-known mechanisms to acquire resistance against a variety of stressors (Sanglard et al 2009;Morschhauser 2010;Yew et al 2016). In the genomes of fungi colonizing ant domatia, the number of membrane proteins is reduced compared to other Chaetothyriales (Blasi et al 2017;Teixeira et al 2017). This finding is consistent with the contraction of the major facilitator, sugar transporter-like domain IPR005828 represented in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this reduction, members of the investigated lineage have most of the conserved transporters reported previously in the order Chaetothyriales; these are likely involved in niche adaptation to hostile environments, although with limited gene dosage. For example, the toxin efflux pumps of the class trichothecene (TC 2.A.1.3.47) are highly abundant in most of the Chaetothyriales (i.e., 65 gene copies in Cladophialophora immunda) (Blasi et al 2017;Teixeira et al 2017), while the domatia-associated lineages harbor 9 to 10 gene copies coding for this transporter. These data suggest that, similar to CYPs and alcohol dehydrogenases, transporters are vastly duplicated in the derived Chaetothyriales which are not associated with ant domatia; this may be related to their lifestyle in environments where nutrient access requires complex metabolic plasticity, such as soil polluted with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and shells of the babassu coconut palm tree containing a rich diversity of terpenoids and fatty acids (Badali et al 2011;Nascimento et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic analysis of ant domatia-associated melanized fungi (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota)

et al. 2019

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Several species of melanized (Bblack yeast-like^) fungi in the order Chaetothyriales live in symbiotic association with ants inhabiting plant cavities (domatia) or with ants that use carton-like material for the construction of nests and tunnels. To investigate the genetic basis and evolution of this lifestyle, genomes of a lineage of four chaetothyrialean strains were sequenced and the genes annotated. While many members of Chaetothyriales have a large ensemble of enzymes enhancing tolerance of extreme or toxic environmental conditions, such as soil polluted with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), members of the domatia symbiont clade experienced significant gene family contractions. This includes enzymes involved in detoxification processes such as cytochrome P450s, transporters, and alcohol dehydrogenases. Overall, the genomes of domatiaassociated species are relatively small compared to other Chaetothyriales, with low numbers of protein-coding genes and with a high content of repetitive elements. Biosynthetic clusters involved in the production of secondary metabolites and with potential antimicrobial activities are overrepresented in the genomes of these fungi. We speculate that, despite the reduction of several protein families, members of the domatia-associated clade might tolerate, and perhaps even metabolize, toxic compounds produced from exocrine glands of the ants as defense against microbes. In addition, in this symbiotic association, the plant and the ants could benefit from the production of secondary metabolites by the Chaetothyriales that participate in this tripartite association. We consider a new ecological classification for Chaetothyriales based on genomic features: (i) derived species with high abundance of paralogs colonizing habitats rich in polyaromatic and (ii) potential producers of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activities, beneficial for symbiotic interactions, occupying specific micro-habitats such as ant domatia.

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Biodegradation of 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine in gas and liquid phase by the fungus Fusarium solani

Araya

Díaz

Martín

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Alkylpyrazines are odorous compounds conferring pleasant aromas to baked and roasted foods. However, they are also emitted during food processing, creating a nuisance for the operators and the community. Only a few bacterial isolates have been shown to degrade 2,5‐methylpyrazine (DMP), as a model alkylpyrazine. This work aimed to study the ability of DMP biodegradation by the filamentous fungus Fusarium solani. RESULTS Evidence of the degradation of DMP was collected in axenic cultures of F. solani in liquid mineral medium and over a saturated solid support using DMP as the sole carbon and energy source. DMP was used for growth as evidenced by the formation of an abundant aerial mycelium over a solid support, accompanied by the production of 70 ppm CO2 mg−1 dry biomass, and by its consumption in liquid media at a rate of 58.3 mg g−1 biomass h−1, a value comparable to those reported for bacteria. A non‐axenic biofilter was mounted, fed with a DMP‐laden air stream, and operated for 40 days. The maximum DMP elimination capacity achieved was 8.5 g m−3 h−1 at an inlet load of 11.3 g m−3 h−1 (an 80% relative efficiency). CONCLUSION Fusarium solani uses DMP as a carbon source, showing great potential for its abatement in a biofilter. High‐throughput DNA sequencing of biofilter samples showed that it was the most representative member of the community, with a relative abundance surpassing 97%, indicating that it played a pivotal role in the biofilter. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the toluene degrading black yeast Cladophialophora immunda

Cited by 37 publications

References 89 publications

Adaptive stress response induced by toluene increasesSporothrix schenckiivirulence and host immune response

Adaptive stress response induced by toluene increasesSporothrix schenckiivirulence and host immune response

Genomic analysis of ant domatia-associated melanized fungi (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota)

Biodegradation of 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine in gas and liquid phase by the fungus Fusarium solani

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