Genomic and non-genomic effects of aldosterone on the individual variation of the sweat Na+ concentration during exercise in trained athletes

Yoshida, Tetsuya; Shinya, Hiromi; Nakai, Seiichi; Yorimoto, Akira; Morimoto, Taketoshi; Suyama, Tohru; Sakurai, Masaru

doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0295-5

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Many factors impact sweat [Na + ], including genetic predisposition, diet, hydration status, sweating rate and heat acclimatisation state (Allan & Wilson, 1971;Buono, Claros, Deboer, & Wong, 2008;Morgan, Patterson, & Nimmo, 2004;Sawka et al, 2007). Previous studies have shown a strong linear relation between local sweating rate and local sweat [Na + ] (Buono et al, 2008;Yoshida et al, 2006). It has been suggested that, as sweating rate increases, the Na + secretion rate increases proportionally more than the rate of Na + reabsorption along the distal duct of the sweat gland (Buono et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration and whole-body sweating rate in athletes

Baker

Barnes

Anderson

et al. 2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration ([Na+]) and whole-body sweating rate in athletes. Data from 506 athletes (367 adults, 139 youth; 404 male, 102 female) were compiled from observational athlete testing for a retrospective analysis. The participants were skill/team-sport (including American football, baseball, basketball, soccer and tennis) and endurance (including cycling, running and triathlon) athletes exercising in cool to hot environmental conditions (15-50 °C) during training or competition in the laboratory or field. A standardised regional absorbent patch technique was used to determine sweat [Na+] on the dorsal mid-forearm. Whole-body sweat [Na+] was predicted using a published regression equation (y = 0.57x+11.05). Whole-body sweating rate was calculated from pre- to post-exercise change in body mass, corrected for fluid/food intake (ad libitum) and urine output. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (range). Forearm sweat [Na+] and predicted whole-body sweat [Na+] were 43.6 ± 18.2 (12.6-104.8) mmol · L(-1) and 35.9 ± 10.4 (18.2-70.8) mmol · L(-1), respectively. Absolute and relative whole-body sweating rates were 1.21 ± 0.68 (0.26-5.73) L · h(-1) and 15.3 ± 6.8 (3.3-69.7) ml · kg(-1) · h(-1), respectively. This retrospective analysis provides normative data for athletes' forearm and predicted whole-body sweat [Na+] as well as absolute and relative whole-body sweating rate across a range of sports and environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration and whole-body sweating rate in athletes

Baker

Barnes

Anderson

et al. 2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…38 We acknowledge that it is clearly documented that sweat [Na + ] increases with increasing sweat rate. 39 40 However, possible hormonal interactions affecting the reabsorption/ excretion of sweat sodium (and possibly potassium) via aldosterone 41 in conjunction with potential changes in sweat water reabsorption via arginine vasopressin may help explain some of the deviations noted between sweat rate versus sweat sodium excretion. 42 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute changes in arginine vasopressin, sweat, urine and serum sodium concentrations in exercising humans: does a coordinated homeostatic relationship exist?

et al. 2008

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The parallel response of sweat rate and urine production to changes in plasma osmolality and volume support a role for arginine vasopressin (AVP) as the main endocrine regulator of both excretions. A maximal test to exhaustion and a steady-state run on a motorised treadmill were both completed by 10 moderately trained runners, 1 week apart. Sweat, urine and serum sodium concentrations ([Na+]) were evaluated in association with the plasma concentrations of cytokines, neurohypophyseal and natriuretic peptides, and adrenal steroid hormones. When data from both the high-intensity and steady-state runs were combined, significant linear correlations were noted between: sweat [Na+] versus postexercise urine [Na+] (r = 0.80; p<0.001), postexercise serum [Na+] versus both postexercise urine [Na+] (r = 0.56; p<0.05) and sweat [Na+] (r = 0.64; p<0.01) and postexercise urine [Na+] versus postexercise plasma arginine vasopressin concentration ([AVP]P) (r = 0.48; p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was noted between postexercise [AVP]P and sweat [Na+] during the steady-state condition only (r = 0.66; p<0.05). These correlations suggest that changes in serum [Na+] during exercise may evoke corresponding changes in sweat and urine [Na+], which are likely regulated coordinately by changes in [AVP]P to preserve body fluid homeostasis.

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“…As explained in Sect. 2, sweat flow rate and sweat [Na + ] are directly related [53, 197], therefore acute changes in sweat flow rate, such as an increase due to more vigorous exercise [53, 197, 201] or warmer ambient temperatures [18], can also lead to increases in sweat [Na + ].…”

Section: Intra/interindividual Sources Of Variability In Sweating Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

2017

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Athletes lose water and electrolytes as a consequence of thermoregulatory sweating during exercise and it is well known that the rate and composition of sweat loss can vary considerably within and among individuals. Many scientists and practitioners conduct sweat tests to determine sweat water and electrolyte losses of athletes during practice and competition. The information gleaned from sweat testing is often used to guide personalized fluid and electrolyte replacement recommendations for athletes; however, unstandardized methodological practices and challenging field conditions can produce inconsistent/inaccurate results. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a review of the literature regarding the effect of laboratory and field sweat-testing methodological variations on sweating rate (SR) and sweat composition (primarily sodium concentration [Na+]). The simplest and most accurate method to assess whole-body SR is via changes in body mass during exercise; however, potential confounding factors to consider are non-sweat sources of mass change and trapped sweat in clothing. In addition, variability in sweat [Na+] can result from differences in the type of collection system used (whole body or localized), the timing/duration of sweat collection, skin cleaning procedure, sample storage/handling, and analytical technique. Another aim of this paper is to briefly review factors that may impact intra/interindividual variability in SR and sweat [Na+] during exercise, including exercise intensity, environmental conditions, heat acclimation, aerobic capacity, body size/composition, wearing of protective equipment, sex, maturation, aging, diet, and/or hydration status. In summary, sweat testing can be a useful tool to estimate athletes’ SR and sweat Na+ loss to help guide fluid/electrolyte replacement strategies, provided that data are collected, analyzed, and interpreted appropriately.

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Genomic and non-genomic effects of aldosterone on the individual variation of the sweat Na+ concentration during exercise in trained athletes

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration and whole-body sweating rate in athletes

Normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration and whole-body sweating rate in athletes

Acute changes in arginine vasopressin, sweat, urine and serum sodium concentrations in exercising humans: does a coordinated homeostatic relationship exist?

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

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