We report a rare case of cataract with linezolid-induced toxic optic neuropathy that resulted in poor visual improvement after cataract surgery. The preoperative diagnosis of toxic optic neuropathy was unclear because the patient had cataract and concealed the 20-year history of pulmonary tuberculosis and 1-year of linezolid treatment. Postoperatively, an obvious improvement in visual acuity was not noted. On the basis of previous medical history, clinical manifestations, and medical examinations, the patient was diagnosed with optic neuropathy that probably resulted from prolonged linezolid treatment. In accordance with the physicians’ advice, the patient discontinued the linezolid tablet (0.6 g/day) and started taking beidaquiline fumarate tablet (0.4 g/day). Neuronutrition and circulatory improvement therapies were also provided. After 1 month of follow-up, the patient’s overall vision, color vision, and visual field improved significantly. This case report aims to help people understand linezolid-induced optic neurotoxicity and its related clinical characteristics and to provide ophthalmologists additional insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Furthermore, assessing the risk of optic neuropathy is necessary for high-risk patients before cataract surgery to establish an appropriate risk plan and provide targeted treatment.