Genomic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus along a pork production chain and in the community, Shandong Province, China

Sun, Chengtao; Chen, Baoli; Hulth, Anette; Schwarz, Štefan; Ji, Xing; Nilsson, Lennart; Ma, Shizhen; Sun, Qiang; Bi, Zhenwang; Wang, Yan; Bi, Zhenqiang; Wu, Congming; Börjesson, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.03.022

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…With regard to the risk of pathogenicity, the presence of virulence genes among the MSSA ST398 isolates was assessed in this study. All isolates carried eta , hla , and hlb , which coincided with the results of another study ( Sun et al, 2019 ). SEs in particular are involved in human food poisoning ( Hennekinne et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Whole-Genome Epidemiology and Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 From Retail Pork and Bulk Tank Milk in Shandong, China

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is now regarded as a zoonotic agent. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) ST398 is a livestock-associated bacterium that is most prevalent in China, but there are currently no data available for Shandong. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and characterization of MSSA ST398 from retail pork and bulk tank milk (BTM) in Shandong. A total of 67 S. aureus isolates were collected from retail pork between November 2017 and June 2018. Among the isolates, high antimicrobial resistance rates were observed for penicillin (97.0%), and 92.5% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Eight sequence types (STs) were identified in the retail pork isolates, and the predominant type was ST15 (n=26), which was followed by ST398 (n=14). Staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing identified spa types t034 and t1255 in MSSA ST398 from retail pork. Using whole-genome sequencing analysis, we described the phylogeny of 29 MSSA ST398 isolates that were obtained from retail pork (n=14) and BTM (n=15). The phylogenetic tree showed that the MSSA ST398 isolates from different sources had the same lineage. Among the 29 MSSA ST398 isolates, five resistance genes were detected, and all isolates carried DHA-1. Fifteen toxin genes were detected, and all isolates carried eta, hla, and hlb. In conclusion, this study found that a high risk for MSSA ST398 was present in retail pork and BTM. These findings have major implications for how investigations of MSSA ST398 outbreaks should be conducted in the One-Health context.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Whole-Genome Epidemiology and Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 From Retail Pork and Bulk Tank Milk in Shandong, China

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…3 ). These isolates were recently described in a pork production chain and were found to be carried by pigs and pig workers in several farms ( 40 ). Although we could not determine the direction of transmission, both animal-to-human and human-to-animal transmission could be possible ( 10 , 11 , 16 , 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular Evolution and Adaptation of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) Sequence Type 9

Cienfuegos-Gallet

Cunningham

et al. 2021

mSystems

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“…All the ST398 isolates from this study belong to a lineage distinct to the LA-MRSA lineage prevalent in the Europe. Interestingly, this ST398 lineage has been previously been found in China (Figure 1) 19 but doesn't appear to have become established. In comparison, CC9 was the dominant S. aureus lineage and appears well established in the majority of pig farms from this study, suggesting that CC9 has a competitive advantage over ST398 in the Chinese pig farm environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Previous studies looking at LA-MRSA in China have shown that ST9 is the dominant lineage in pigs with ST398 MRSA being less commonly detected 17,18,19 . Studies of human isolates have identified ST398 MRSA as a cause of significant disease in patients from Chinese hospitals 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A survey of Chinese pig farms and human healthcare isolates reveals separate human and animal MRSA populations

Zou

Matuszewska²,

Jia³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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There has been increasing concern that the overuse of antibiotics in livestock farming is contributing to the burden of antimicrobial resistance in people. Farmed animals in Europe and North America, particularly pigs, provide a reservoir for livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA, ST398) found in people. This study was designed to investigate the contribution of MRSA from Chinese pig farms to human infection and carriage.A collection of 603 S. aureus were isolated from 55 pig farms and 4 hospitals (MRSA= 285, 198; MSSA= 50, 70) in central China, a high pig farming density area, during 2017-2018. CC9 MRSA accounting for 93% of all farm MRSA isolates, while no was found in hospitals. ST398 isolates were found on three farms (n = 23) and three hospitals (n = 12). None of the ST398 from this study belong to the livestock clade of the LA-MRSA commonly found in Europe and North America. The hospital ST398 MRSA isolates formed a clade that was clearly separate from the farm ST398 MRSA and MSSA isolates, and all possessed human immune evasion cluster genes which were absent from all the pig farm ST398 isolates. Despite the presence of high levels of MRSA found on Chinese pig farms we found no evidence of them spilling over to the human population. Nevertheless, the ST398 MRSA obtained from human samples appear to be part of a widely distributed lineage in China. And the new animal adapted ST398 lineage that emerged in China should also be alarmed.ImportanceWe disclosed the fact that although the high MRSA positive rate in Chinese hospitals and pig farms should be alarmed, they might be two separate issues. The new CC398 clades we identified highlight that the host adaption of the MRSA lineage is kept changing. These results suggest that continued surveillance of MRSA in livestock is necessary. We found that the pig farm MRSA isolates had unique antimicrobial resistance genes while most of the hospital MRSA isolates had human immune evasion cluster genes. These features could be used to distinguish the pig farm associated S. aureus in clinical laboratories. The policies of reducing antimicrobials use in livestock were implemented in China since 2020. Our study described the situation of MRSA populations in pig farms and hospitals in Central China before 2020, which provides a potential opportunity for future studies to evaluate the effects of the policies.

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Genomic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus along a pork production chain and in the community, Shandong Province, China

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Whole-Genome Epidemiology and Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 From Retail Pork and Bulk Tank Milk in Shandong, China

Whole-Genome Epidemiology and Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 From Retail Pork and Bulk Tank Milk in Shandong, China

Molecular Evolution and Adaptation of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) Sequence Type 9

A survey of Chinese pig farms and human healthcare isolates reveals separate human and animal MRSA populations

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