Genomic analysis of bacteriophage ε34 of Salmonella entericaserovar Anatum (15+)

Villafañe, Robert; Zayas, Milka; Gilcrease, Eddie B.; Kropinski, Andrew M.; Casjens, Sherwood

doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-227

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Holin creates pinholes in the host cell inner membrane, and the subsequent secretion of endolysin via these pinholes results in host cell lysis. Although ant moron regions have been found in P22-like phages, these regions are highly variable among them (26) and the function of the ant moron is not clearly understood. Phage SPN9CC also has only one gene in this region, a mnt gene encoding a repressor protein, which is very similar to phages ST104 and ST64T.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent improvement of genome sequencing and analysis technologies, such as NGS and bioinformatic tools, enabled us to analyze the full genome sequences of these P22-like phages and to study their characteristics at the genomic level. Recent comparative genomic analysis revealed that while their genomic characteristics are diverse, most likely because of horizontal gene transfer/exchange in the group, morphogenesis and DNA packaging are highly conserved (25,26). However, the diversity of other genomic features may determine the specific characteristics of each phage in the group, such as host cell specificity, the lysogeny control region, and the host cell lysis system, involved in the mechanisms of host cell infection and lysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, superinfection of a lysogen by other phages is prevented by repression of the expression of superinfecting phage genes by CI repressor proteins by lysogen or host cell receptor modification (62). It is well known that the host cell receptor is modified once the host cell is lysogenized by phage (18,26,63). SPN9CC has LPS modification proteins homologous to GtrABC (SPN9CC_003, SPN9CC_002, and SPN9CC_001, respectively), which modify LPS to prevent superinfection of the SPN9CC lysogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They share phage morphogenesis and assembly genes for similar morphology and generally infect Salmonella, E. coli, and Shigella in the Enterobacteriaceae family. However, while ant moron regions in phage P22 have been known to be involved in the regulation of gene expression, these regions are completely or partially missing from other P22-like phages (26). Although the role of this region is not clearly understood, it may be related to lysogeny conversion (27).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genomic Investigation of Lysogen Formation and Host Lysis Systems of the Salmonella Temperate Bacteriophage SPN9CC

Shin

Lee

Yoon

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cTo understand phage infection and host cell lysis mechanisms in pathogenic Salmonella, a novel Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-targeting bacteriophage, SPN9CC, belonging to the Podoviridae family was isolated and characterized. The phage infects S. Typhimurium via the O antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and forms clear plaques with cloudy centers due to lysogen formation. Phylogenetic analysis of phage major capsid proteins revealed that this phage is a member of the lysogen-forming P22-like phage group. However, comparative genomic analysis of SPN9CC with P22-like phages indicated that their lysogeny control regions and host cell lysis gene clusters show very low levels of identity, suggesting that lysogen formation and host cell lysis mechanisms may be diverse among phages in this group. Analysis of the expression of SPN9CC host cell lysis genes encoding holin, endolysin, and Rz/Rz1-like proteins individually or in combinations in S. Typhimurium and Escherichia coli hosts revealed that collaboration of these lysis proteins is important for the lysis of both hosts and that holin is a key protein. To further investigate the role of the lysogeny control region in phage SPN9CC, a ⌬cI mutant (SPN9CCM) of phage SPN9CC was constructed. The mutant does not produce a cloudy center in the plaques, suggesting that this mutant phage is virulent and no longer temperate. Subsequent comparative one-step growth analysis and challenge assays revealed that SPN9CCM has shorter eclipse/latency periods and a larger burst size, as well as higher host cell lysis activity, than SPN9CC. The present work indicates the possibility of engineering temperate phages as promising biocontrol agents similar to virulent phages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Investigation of Lysogen Formation and Host Lysis Systems of the Salmonella Temperate Bacteriophage SPN9CC

Shin

Lee

Yoon

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…To develop phages as a biocontrol agent for controlling this pathogen in foods, understanding of the host infection mechanism of Salmonella phages is important (2,3,10). While the O antigen of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is a common host receptor for infection in the Myoviridae (FelixO1) (11) and Podoviridae (P22, 34) families (4,13,14), phages in the Siphoviridae family that use this host receptor, such as SETP3, are rare (8). The S. Typhimurium-targeting SPN3UB phage, which belongs to the Siphoviridae family, could not infect the rfaL (Oantigen ligase)-deficient mutant strain of S. Typhimurium SL1344 (data not shown), suggesting that it infects the host via the O antigen of LPS (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Bacteriophage SPN3UB

Lee

Shin

Ryu

2012

J Virol

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b Salmonella is one of the major pathogenic bacteria that cause food poisoning. To elucidate the host infection mechanism of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-targeting phages, the bacteriophage SPN3UB was isolated from a chicken fecal sample. This phage belongs morphologically to the Siphoviridae family and infects the host via the O antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To further understand its infection mechanism, we completely sequenced and analyzed the genome. Here, we announce its complete genome sequence and report major findings from the genomic analysis results.

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Overcoming Bacteriophage Contamination in Bioprocessing: Strategies and Applications

Zou,

Mo,

Wang

et al. 2024

Small Methods

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Bacteriophage contamination has a devastating impact on the viability of bacterial hosts and can significantly reduce the productivity of bioprocesses in biotechnological industries. The consequences range from widespread fermentation failure to substantial economic losses, highlighting the urgent need for effective countermeasures. Conventional prevention methods, which focus primarily on the physical removal of bacteriophages from equipment, bioprocess units, and the environment, have proven ineffective in preventing phage entry and contamination. The coevolutionary dynamics between phages and their bacterial hosts have spurred the development of a diverse repertoire of antiviral defense mechanisms within microbial communities. These naturally occurring defense strategies can be harnessed through genetic engineering to convert phage‐sensitive hosts into robust, phage‐resistant cell factories, providing a strategic approach to mitigate the threats posed by bacteriophages to industrial bacterial processes. In this review, an overview of the various defense strategies and immune systems that curb the propagation of bacteriophages and highlight their applications in fermentation bioprocesses to combat phage contamination is provided. Additionally, the tactics employed by phages to circumvent these defense strategies are also discussed, as preventing the emergence of phage escape mutants is a key component of effective contamination management.

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Genomic analysis of bacteriophage ε34 of Salmonella entericaserovar Anatum (15+)

Cited by 37 publications

References 82 publications

Genomic Investigation of Lysogen Formation and Host Lysis Systems of the Salmonella Temperate Bacteriophage SPN9CC

Genomic Investigation of Lysogen Formation and Host Lysis Systems of the Salmonella Temperate Bacteriophage SPN9CC

Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Bacteriophage SPN3UB

Overcoming Bacteriophage Contamination in Bioprocessing: Strategies and Applications

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