Genomic analysis for virulence determinants in feline herpesvirus type-1 isolates

Lewin, Andrew C.; Coghill, Lyndon M.; McLellan, Gillian J.; Bentley, Ellison; Kousoulas, Konstantin G.

doi:10.1007/s11262-019-01718-3

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The severity and symptoms of FHV-1 infection are not relative to the viral genome variants, and it is most likely due to other factors such as host response 30 . Therefore, the different pathological changes of No.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Herpesvirus Infection of Snow Leopard

He³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) is a common causative agent of domestic cats rhinotracheitis and gradually threatens the wild felid worldwide. The endangered snow leopard belongs to the family Felidae and is also the top predator on the Tibetan Plateau. Herein, FHV-1 was identified and isolated from three dead snow leopards with symptom of sneezing and rhinorrhea. To explore the relationship between FHV-1 and their death, histopathology and molecular biology was performed. The organs and nasal swabs were collected for examinations of histopathology, the nucleic acid of the pathogen, viral isolation, and sequence analysis. The results reveal that all three snow leopards were infected with FHV-1. The first case primarily died of old cerebral infarction and secondary non-suppurative meningoencephalitis probably caused by FHV-1. The second case mainly died of renal failure accompanied by interstitial pneumonia caused by FHV-1. The third case was doubted to be related to the reactivation of latency of FHV-1. The gD and gE gene sequence alignment of the FHV-1 isolate strain revealed that the isolated strain originated from a domestic cat. Therefore, FHV-1 infection can cause different lesions of snow leopards and shows a high risk for the wild felid. We should focus more on protecting felid against threatening of FHV-1 infection originating from domestic cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Herpesvirus Infection of Snow Leopard

He³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The ocular immunotherapy studies reported here utilized cat natural and experimental [28] FHV-1 infection models, which have been shown to recapitulate many of the clinical abnormalities associated with HSV-1 ocular infection in humans [29,30]. Recurrent ocular disease in cats is a common manifestation of chronic infection with FHV-1 [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle ocular immunotherapy for herpesvirus surface eye infections evaluated in cat infection model

et al. 2023

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Ocular herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) infections can trigger conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, and occasionally retinitis, and is a major cause of blindness worldwide. The infections are lifelong and can often recrudesce during periods of stress or immune suppression. Currently HSV-1 infections of the eye are managed primarily with anti-viral eye drops, which require frequent administration, can cause irritation, and may take weeks for full resolution of symptoms. We therefore evaluated the effectiveness of an ocular immune activating nanoparticle eye drop as a novel approach to treating HSV-1 infection, using a cat feline herpesvirus -1 (FHV-1) ocular infection model. In vitro studies demonstrated significant induction of both type I and II interferon responses by the liposome-dual TLR 3/9 agonist nanoparticles, along with suppression of FHV-1 replication. In cats with naturally occurring eye infections either proven or suspected to involve FHV-1, ocular nanoparticle treated animals experienced resolution of signs within several days of treatment, including resolution of keratitis and corneal ulcers. In a cat model of recrudescent FHV-1 infection, cats treated twice daily with immune nanoparticle eye drops experienced significant lessening of ocular signs of infection and significantly fewer episodes of viral shedding compared to control cats. Treatment was well-tolerated by all cats, without signs of drug-induced ocular irritation. We concluded therefore that non-specific ocular immunotherapy offers significant promise as a novel approach to treatment of HSV-1 and FHV-1 ocular infections.

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“…The use of novel techniques such as NGS to evaluate ocular surface microbiota in veterinary ophthalmology remains in its infancy. Emerging researchers in our field have collaborated with leading microbiome experts to identify the presence of distinct, diverse, and stable microbial communities inhabiting the ocular surface of cats, dogs, and horses 13,14,42,43,55‐57 . While new opportunities arise, the usefulness and application of microbiome data in the veterinary clinic has yet to be determined, as considerable research remains for this objective to become a reality.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendations For The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Current ocular microbiome investigations limit reproducibility and reliability: Critical review and opportunities

Scott

Lewin

Leis

2020

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Enthusiasm for research describing microbial communities using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has outpaced efforts to standardize methodology. Without consistency in the way research is carried out in this field, the comparison of data between studies is near impossible and the utility of results remains limited. This holds true for bacterial microbiome research of the ocular surface, and other sites, in both humans and animals. In addition, the ocular surface remains under‐explored when compared to other mucosal sites. Low bacterial biomass samples from the ocular surface lead to further technical challenges. Taken together, two major problems were identified: (1) Normalization of the workflow in studies utilizing NGS to investigate the ocular surface bacteriome is necessary in order to propel the field forward and improve research impact through cross‐study comparisons. (2) Current microbiome profiling technology was developed for high bacterial biomass samples (such as feces or soil), posing a challenge for analyses of samples with low bacterial load such as the ocular surface. This article reviews the challenges and limitations currently facing ocular microbiome research and provides recommendations for minimum reporting standards for veterinary ophthalmologists and clinician scientists to limit inter‐study variation, improve reproducibility, and ultimately render results from these studies more impactful. The move toward normalization of methodology will expedite and maximize the potential for microbiome research to translate into meaningful discovery and tangible clinical applications.

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Genomic analysis for virulence determinants in feline herpesvirus type-1 isolates

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Feline Herpesvirus Infection of Snow Leopard

Feline Herpesvirus Infection of Snow Leopard

Nanoparticle ocular immunotherapy for herpesvirus surface eye infections evaluated in cat infection model

Current ocular microbiome investigations limit reproducibility and reliability: Critical review and opportunities

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