“…Population genetics has been used to understand patterns of genetic variation, such as genetic diversity, population structure and population responses to past climate change (Fedorov et al, 2020;Jiang et al, 2022;Ye et al, 2014Ye et al, , 2022Zhang et al, 2022). The characteristics of mitochondrial DNA, including maternal inheritance, moderate evolutionary rates, clear evolutionary patterns and nearly neutral evolution, make it suitable for studying population-level evolutionary patterns (Avise et al, 1987;Barraclough & Nee, 2001); thus, it has been widely used as a molecular marker in population genetic studies of insects and other fauna (Drahun et al, 2021;Jiang et al, 2022;Pérez-Alquicira et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2022;Ye et al, 2022).…”