Genome‐wide transcriptome analysis of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli

Abstract

Abbreviations & AcronymsObjectives: Coincident with their worldwide use, resistance to fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli has increased. To identify the gene expression profiles underlying fluoroquinolone resistance, we carried out genome-wide transcriptome analysis of fluoroquinolone-sensitive E. coli. Methods: Four fluoroquinolone-sensitive E. coli and five fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli clinical isolates were subjected to complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray analysis. Some upregulated genes' expression was verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction using 104 E. coli clinical isolates, and minimum inhibitory concentration tests were carried out by using their transformants. Results: A total of 40 genes were significantly upregulated in fluoroquinoloneresistant E. coli isolates (P < 0.05). The expression of phage shock protein operons, which are involved in biofilm formation, was markedly upregulated in our profile of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. One of the phage shock protein operons, pspC, was significantly upregulated in 50 fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates (P < 0.0001). The expression of type I fimbriae genes, which are pilus operons involved in biofilm formation, were markedly downregulated in fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. Deoxyribonucleic acid adenine methyltransferase (dam), which represses type I fimbriae genes, was significantly upregulated in the clinical fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates (P = 0.007). We established pspC-and dam-expressing E. coli transformants from fluoroquinolone-sensitive E. coli, and the minimum inhibitory concentration tests showed that the transformants acquired fluoroquinolone resistance, suggesting that upregulation of these genes contributes to acquiring fluoroquinolone resistance. Conclusions: Upregulation of psp operones and dam underlying pilus operons downregulation might be associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli.

Environment‐driven changes of mRNA and protein levels in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…Due to the technological advances in next generation sequencing, profiling of a large panel of different cells under various environmental conditions has become possible and led to the acquisition of extensive RNA-sequencing datasets (Wang et al, 2009;Yamane et al, 2012;Dötsch et al, 2015;Khaledi et al, 2016). Those have been used to shed light on environment-driven flexible changes in the transcriptional profile.…”

Molecular Background of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Pathogenic Human Mycoplasmas

“…Прежде всего для многих бактерий альтернативой устойчивости является способ-ность адаптации к фторхинолонам, связанная с замедлением метаболизма, репликации ДНК и деления клеток, а также формированием биопленок [13,21,70,84].…”

“…Поскольку действие фторхинолонов на-правлено на ДНК, активация систем репара-ции важна для сохранения жизнеспособности [13,21,84]. Это было показано при исследо-вании влияния мутаций по гену ncr, продукт которого является репрессором системы репа-рации RecCBD, на устойчивость Acinetobacter baumannii к ципрофлоксацину.…”

Genome-wide screening and characterization of genes involved in response to high dose of ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli

“…There are many environments or human tissues during therapy where bacteria are exposed to low concentrations of antibiotic (less than minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC). Many studies have shown the profound transcriptomic changes in the bacterial cells and their potential contributions to the evolution of resistance when exposed to low levels of cipro oxacin [2,3]. In the therapeutic use of cipro oxacin, levels of cipro oxacin in tissues or serum can be reach or exceed the MIC.…”