Genome-wide survey for PilR recognition sites of the metal-reducing prokaryote Geobacter sulfurreducens

Krushkal, Julia; Juárez, Katy; Barbe, Jose F.; Qu, Yanhua; Andrade, Ángel; Puljic, Marko; Adkins, Ronald M.; Lovley, Derek R.; Ueki, Toshiyuki

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2010.08.005

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In many T4P-expressing species, including M. xanthus, D. nodosus, G. sulfurreducens, Kingella kingae, Xanthomonas axonopodis, and P. aeruginosa, the major pilin subunit is expressed from a 54 -dependent promoter (Fig. 7) (182,197,218,239,418,423). The complex formed by RpoN and RNA polymerase (RNAP) binds such promoters but remains stalled in a closed configuration.…”

Section: Transcriptional Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Type IV Pilin Proteins: Versatile Molecular Modules

Giltner

Nguyen

Burrows

2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

398

519

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SUMMARYType IV pili (T4P) are multifunctional protein fibers produced on the surfaces of a wide variety of bacteria and archaea. The major subunit of T4P is the type IV pilin, and structurally related proteins are found as components of the type II secretion (T2S) system, where they are called pseudopilins; of DNA uptake/competence systems in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive species; and of flagella, pili, and sugar-binding systems in the archaea. This broad distribution of a single protein family implies both a common evolutionary origin and a highly adaptable functional plan. The type IV pilin is a remarkably versatile architectural module that has been adopted widely for a variety of functions, including motility, attachment to chemically diverse surfaces, electrical conductance, acquisition of DNA, and secretion of a broad range of structurally distinct protein substrates. In this review, we consider recent advances in this research area, from structural revelations to insights into diversity, posttranslational modifications, regulation, and function.

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Section: Transcriptional Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, PilRPilS may regulate other components in the cell in response to alterations in the amount of pilin detected. Bioinformatic studies of G. sulfurreducens promoters suggested that PilR might regulate the production of pili, flagella, secretion components, and proteins involved in cell envelope biogenesis (239).…”

Section: Transcriptional Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type IV Pilin Proteins: Versatile Molecular Modules

Giltner

Nguyen

Burrows

2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

398

519

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“…Geobacter sulfurreducens (GS), which regulates pilA transcription using a similar PilSR TCS (29), has unusually short type IV pilins that retain the characteristic conserved hydrophobic N-terminal α-helix, but lack a globular C-terminal domain. This architecture is thought to promote efficient electron transfer through pilus "nanowires" (30).…”

Section: Overexpression Of Heterologous Pilins Reduces Pila Levels Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Type IV pilins regulate their own expression via direct intramembrane interactions with the sensor kinase PilS

Kilmury

Burrows

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Type IV pili are important virulence factors for many pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Transcription of the major pilin gene—pilA—is controlled by the PilS-PilR two-component system in response to unknown signals. The absence of a periplasmic sensing domain suggested that PilS may sense an intramembrane signal, possibly PilA. We suggest that direct interactions between PilA and PilS in the inner membrane reduce pilA transcription when PilA levels are high. Overexpression in trans of PilA proteins with diverse and/or truncated C termini decreased native pilA transcription, suggesting that the highly conserved N terminus of PilA was the regulatory signal. Point mutations in PilA or PilS that disrupted their interaction prevented autoregulation of pilA transcription. A subset of PilA point mutants retained the ability to interact with PilS but could no longer decrease pilA transcription, suggesting that interaction between the pilin and sensor kinase is necessary but not sufficient for pilA autoregulation. Furthermore, PilS’s phosphatase motif was required for the autoregulation of pilA transcription, suggesting that under conditions where PilA is abundant, the PilA–PilS interaction promotes PilR dephosphorylation and thus down-regulation of further pilA transcription. These data reveal a clever bacterial inventory control strategy in which the major subunit of an important P. aeruginosa virulence factor controls its own expression.

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“…S3). Longer sequences were also tested as it has been suggested that elements within pilR itself may promote transcription of pilA in G. sulfurreducens (Krushkal et al, 2010), whose pil gene cluster is similar to that in M. xanthus (Supporting Information Fig. S1).…”

Section: Characterisation Of the M Xanthus Pila Promotermentioning

confidence: 99%

Type IV‐pili dependent motility is co‐regulated by PilSR and PilS2R2 two‐component systems via distinct pathways in Myxococcus xanthus

Bretl

Müller

Ladd

et al. 2016

Molecular Microbiology

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Myxococcus xanthus is an environmental bacterium with two forms of motility. One type, known as social motility, is dependent on extension and retraction of Type-IV pili (T4P) and production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). Several signaling systems have been linked to regulation of T4P-dependent motility. In particular, expression of the pilin subunit pilA requires the PilSR two-component signaling system (TCS). A second TCS, PilS2R2, encoded within the same locus that encodes PilSR, has also been linked to M. xanthus T4P-dependent motility. We demonstrate that PilSR and PilS2R2 regulate M. xanthus T4P-dependent motility through distinct pathways. Consistent with known roles of PilSR, our results indicate that the primary function of PilSR is to regulate expression of pilA. In contrast, PilS2 and PilR2 have little to no affect on PilA protein levels. However, deletion of pilR2 resulted in a reduction of assembled pili, significant decreases in EPS production and loss of T4P-dependent motility. Furthermore, the pilR2 mutation led to increased production of outer membrane vesicles (OMV). Collectively, we propose that PilS2R2 is required for proper assembly of T4P and regulation of OMV production, and hypothesize that production of these vesicles is related to M. xanthus motility.

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Genome-wide survey for PilR recognition sites of the metal-reducing prokaryote Geobacter sulfurreducens

Cited by 16 publications

References 84 publications

Type IV Pilin Proteins: Versatile Molecular Modules

Type IV Pilin Proteins: Versatile Molecular Modules

Type IV pilins regulate their own expression via direct intramembrane interactions with the sensor kinase PilS

Type IV‐pili dependent motility is co‐regulated by PilSR and PilS2R2 two‐component systems via distinct pathways in Myxococcus xanthus

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