Genome-wide supermatrix analyses of maples (Acer, Sapindaceae) reveal recurring inter-continental migration, mass extinction, and rapid lineage divergence

Areces-Berazain, Fabiola; Hinsinger, Damien Daniel; Strijk, Joeri S.

doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.01.014

Cited by 23 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Phylogenetic analysis of the extant maples has complemented fossil evidence, providing support for the "Out of Asia" theory of maple biogeography [6,[13][14][15][16], in which the genus originated in East Asia and then radiated throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Following earlier molecular studies [1,17,18], two groups have recently released comprehensive phylogenies of Acer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Following earlier molecular studies [1,17,18], two groups have recently released comprehensive phylogenies of Acer. Li and colleagues [14] present findings from a nuclear phylogeny, while Areces-Berazain and colleagues [15] synthesize both nuclear and plastome sequences. Though some differences in tree topology emerge across the two groups' work, both find evidence of an East Asian origin for Acer, divergence from sister genus Dipteronia Oliv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of Constrained Divergence and Conservatism in Climatic Niches of the Temperate Maples (Acer L.)

Grossman

2021

Forests

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Research highlights: The availability of global distribution data and new, fossil-calibrated phylogenies has made it possible to compare the climatic niches of the temperate maple (Acer L.) taxa and assess phylogenetic and continental patterns in niche overlap. Background and Objectives: The maples have radiated from East Asia into two other temperate continental bioregions, North America and Eurasia (Europe and West Asia), over a roughly 60-million-year period. During this time, the Earth’s climate experienced pronounced cooling and drying, culminating in cyclic periods of widespread temperate glaciation in the Pliocene to Pleistocene. The objective of this study is to use newly available data to model the climatic niches of 60% of the temperate maples and assess patterns of niche divergence, constraint, and conservatism in the genus’s radiation out of East Asia. Materials and Methods: I assembled global occurrence data and associated climatic information for 71 maple taxa, including all species endemic to temperate North America and Eurasia and their closely related East Asian congeners. I constructed Maxent niche models for all taxa and compared the climatic niches of 184 taxa pairs and assessed phylogenetic signal in key niche axes for each taxon and in niche overlap at the continental and global scale. Results: Maxent models define a fundamental climatic niche for temperate maples and suggest that drought-intolerant taxa have been lost from the Eurasian maple flora, with little continental difference in temperature optima or breadth. Niche axes and niche overlap show minimal evidence of phylogenetic signal, suggesting adaptive evolution. Pairwise niche comparisons reveal infrequent niche overlap continentally and globally, even among sister pairs, with few taxa pairs sharing ecological niche space, providing evidence for constrained divergence within the genus’s fundamental climatic niche. Evidence of niche conservatism is limited to three somewhat geographically isolated regions of high maple diversity (western North America, the Caucasus, and Japan). Conclusions: Over 60 million years of hemispheric radiation on a cooling and drying planet, the maple genus experienced divergent, though constrained, climatic niche evolution. High climatic niche diversity across spatial and phylogenetic scales along with very limited niche overlap or conservatism suggests that the radiation of the genus has largely been one of adaptive diversification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Constrained Divergence and Conservatism in Climatic Niches of the Temperate Maples (Acer L.)

Grossman

2021

Forests

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“…In order to ascertain that our incubation timing (both post-freezing and post-autoclaving or liquid nitrogen immersion) and autoclave intensities were sufficient to capture electrolyte diffusion, we carried out an additional experiment on only two species, A. caudatifolium and A. campestre . These two maples represented the two extremes of cold hardiness in our main experiments (Table 1 ), occupy distinct habitats (Additional file 1 ), and belong to phylogenetically distinct sections [ 48 ]. For this additional experiment, we collected stem sections of one genotype of each species (with three measurement replicates per genotype collected) on 29 December 2020 and measured using the same electrolyte leakage protocol described above while varying the amount of time samples incubated after temperature treatment, and after maximum damage controls (boiling, autoclaving, and liquid nitrogen).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maples are a typical temperate, woody genus, including common forest dominants and rare and subordinate species, with species' native distributions covering areas with mild winters (Taiwan, Mexico) through very cold ones (Scandinavia, the Amur Valley). In the present study, we focus on twelve maple species spanning the maple phylogeny [47,48] and three principle biogeographic realms colonized by the genus: Asia, North America, and Europe (Additional file 1; [49]).…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Kovaleski

Grossman

2021

Plant Methods

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Background A variety of basic and applied research programs in plant biology require the accurate and reliable determination of plant tissue cold hardiness. Over the past 50 years, the electrolyte leakage method has emerged as a popular and practical method for quantifying the amount of damage inflicted on plant tissue by exposure to freezing temperatures. Numerous approaches for carrying out this method and analyzing the resultant data have emerged. These include multiple systems for standardizing and modeling raw electrolyte leakage data and multiple protocols for boiling or autoclaving samples in order to maximize leakage as a positive control. We compare four different routines for standardization of leakage data and assess a novel control method—immersion in liquid nitrogen in lieu of traditional autoclaving—and apply them to woody twigs collected from 12 maple (Acer) species in early spring. We compare leakage data from these samples using each of four previously published forms of data analysis and autoclaving vs. liquid nitrogen controls and validate each of these approaches against visual estimates of freezing damage and differential thermal analysis. Results Through presentation of our own data and re-analysis of previously published findings, we show that standardization of raw data against estimates of both minimum and maximum attainable freezing damage allows for reliable estimation of cold hardiness at the species level and across studies in diverse systems. Furthermore, use of our novel liquid nitrogen control produces data commensurate across studies and enhances the consistency and realism of the electrolyte leakage method, especially for very cold hardy samples. Conclusion Future leakage studies that relativize data against minimum and maximum leakage and that employ our updated liquid nitrogen control will contribute generalizable, repeatable, and realistic data to the existing body of cold hardiness research in woody plants. Data from studies conducted using a liquid nitrogen (and not an autoclaving) control can still be compared to previously published data, especially when raw data are standardized using the best-performing approach among those we assessed. Electrolyte leakage of woody twigs emerges as a useful technique for quickly assessing the probability of tissue death in response to freezing in dormant plants. Differential thermal analysis may provide different and complementary information on cold hardiness.

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Oak Population Genomics

Gailing

Hipp

Plomion

et al. 2021

Population Genomics

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Genome-wide supermatrix analyses of maples (Acer, Sapindaceae) reveal recurring inter-continental migration, mass extinction, and rapid lineage divergence

Cited by 23 publications

References 63 publications

Evidence of Constrained Divergence and Conservatism in Climatic Niches of the Temperate Maples (Acer L.)

Evidence of Constrained Divergence and Conservatism in Climatic Niches of the Temperate Maples (Acer L.)

Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Oak Population Genomics

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