Genome‐wide screening for components of small interfering RNA (<scp>siRNA)</scp> and micro‐RNA (<scp>miRNA)</scp> pathways in the brown planthopper, <i><scp>N</scp>ilaparvata lugens</i> (<scp>H</scp>emiptera: <scp>D</scp>elphacidae)

Hj, Xu; Chen, T; Xf, Ma; Xue, Jiao; Pl, Pan; Zhang, XC; Ja, Cheng; Cx, Zhang

doi:10.1111/imb.12051

Cited by 104 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Additionally, isoform designations were assigned based on in silico predictions only; they do not guarantee any discrete functionalities—or lack thereof—that have been demonstrated for these proteins in Dme and other organisms. Exactly one homologue for each of the RNaseIII proteins was identified in each pest, a result in line with reports from Dme and other relevant insects [32, 48–51, 53, 54]. This does not exclude the possibility that different isoforms of these or other core RNAi machinery genes may exist under different conditions, a state which has been observed for mammalian Drosha and DCR [55, 56].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The sensitivity of Tca appears to be increased beyond the response of several other studied coleopterans, and this insect reportedly has two genomic copies specifically of ago2 [48]. Homologues of Dme ago2 have been reported in several lepidopteran and hemipteran pest species [49–51], though a FAW ago2 homologue was not included in a previous list of RNAi pathway genes detected in Sf21 cells [32]. Interestingly, AGO1 has also been reported to contribute to the response of a coleopteran cell line to exogenous dsRNA [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and comparison of key RNA interference machinery from western corn rootworm, fall armyworm, and southern green stink bug

et al. 2018

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RNA interference (RNAi)-based technology shows great potential for use in agriculture, particularly for management of costly insect pests. In the decade since the insecticidal effects of environmentally-introduced RNA were first reported, this treatment has been applied to several types of insect pests. Through the course of those efforts, it has become apparent that different insects exhibit a range of sensitivity to environmentally-introduced RNAs. The variation in responses across insect is not well-understood, with differences in the underlying RNAi mechanisms being one explanation. This study evaluates eight proteins among three agricultural pests whose responses to environmental RNAi are known to differ: western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), and southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula). These proteins have been identified in various organisms as centrally involved in facilitating the microRNA- and small interfering-RNA-mediated interference responses. Various bioinformatics tools, as well as gene expression profiling, were used to identify and evaluate putative homologues for characteristics that may contribute to the differing responses of these insects, such as the absence of critical functional domains within expressed sequences, the absence of entire gene sequences, or unusually low or undetectable expression of critical genes. Though many similarities were observed, the number of isoforms and expression levels of double-stranded RNA-binding and argonaute proteins varied across insect. Differences among key RNAi machinery genes of these three pests may impact the function of their RNAi pathways, and therefore, their respective responses to exogenous RNAs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and comparison of key RNA interference machinery from western corn rootworm, fall armyworm, and southern green stink bug

et al. 2018

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“…The key components of the RNAi pathway are highly conserved within insect species (12). To obtain the sequences encoding the core components of the RNAi pathway in the transcriptome of SBPH or WBPH, we used a local BLASTN search with sequences of Nilaparvata lugens (JX023532.1, JX644040.1, KC316038.1, and JX644040.1 for DCR2, DCR1, AGO2, and AGO1, respectively) as queries (18,20,34). The SBPH DCR2 and AGO2 and WBPH AGO2 gene sequences were obtained from the GenBank (accession numbers JX023531.1, JX023533.1, and JX023535.1, respectively).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Interfering RNA Pathway Modulates Initial Viral Infection in Midgut Epithelium of Insect after Ingestion of Virus

Lan

Chen

Liu

et al. 2016

J Virol

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IMPORTANCE Many viral pathogens that cause significant global health and agricultural problems are transmitted via insect vectors. The first bottleneck in viral infection, the midgut epithelium, is a principal determinant of the ability of an insect species to transmit a virus. Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is restricted exclusively to the midgut epithelium of an incompetent vector, the small brown planthopper (SBPH).Here, we show that silencing of the core component Dicer-2 of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway increases viral titers in the midgut epithelium past the threshold (1.99 ؋ 10 9 copies of the SRBSDV P10 gene/g of midgut RNA) for viral dissemination into the midgut muscles and then into the salivary glands, allowing the SBPH to become a competent vector of SRBSDV. This result is the first evidence that the siRNA antiviral pathway has a direct role in the control of viral dissemination from the midgut epithelium and that it affects the competence of the virus's vector. Many viral pathogens that cause significant global health and agricultural problems are arthropod borne and transmitted via an insect vector. Many plant viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by sap-sucking insects, including planthoppers, leafhoppers, thrips, and aphids (1-3). Plant viruses, when ingested by their insect vectors, establish their initial infection in the midgut epithelium, from where they disseminate to the midgut visceral muscles (1-3). The viruses then move from the midgut muscles into the hemolymph and finally into the salivary glands, from where they can be introduced into plant hosts (1-3). Efficient viral infection of the midgut epithelium, where initial infection is established, is thus a determinative factor in the ability of an insect species to transmit a certain plant virus.This ability of an insect species to transmit a virus, which has been described as vector competence, is common in nature (4, 5). For many years, the midgut barrier has been believed to be the principal determinant of vector competence (1-9). For example, infection of the incompetent insect vectors of Rice dwarf virus and SRBSDV, two plant reoviruses, and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a tospovirus, is restricted to the midgut epithelium (7-10). The inability of incompetent insect vectors to transmit these viruses may be caused by a failure of the virus to efficiently replicate in or disseminate from the midgut epithelium (1-5). It is possible that viral titers in the midgut epithelium of incompetent vectors are unable to reach the threshold needed for viral dissemination. The innate immune response in the midgut epithelium may effectively control viral accumulation, thus blocking viral transmission by incompetent vectors. However, whether the initial antiviral immune pathway(s) in the insect midgut can modulate the competence of plant virus vectors is not unknown.Several mosquito and Drosophila innate immune responses have been reported to have an antiviral effect. These responses include RNA interfere...

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“…Most of these studies were conducted with model insects, and little is understood about miRNA functionality in metamorphosis development in rice insect pests even though hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, and C. suppressalis (Xu et al 2013;Yin et al 2014;Chang et al 2016). The rice stem borer, C. suppressalis, is one of the most destructive rice pests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple miRNAs jointly regulate the biosynthesis of ecdysteroid in the holometabolous insects, Chilo suppressalis

Sun

Xiao

et al. 2017

RNA

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The accurate rise and fall of active hormones is important for insect development. The ecdysteroids must be cleared in a timely manner. However, the mechanism of suppressing the ecdysteroid biosynthesis at the right time remains unclear. Here, we sequenced a small RNA library of Chilo suppressalis and identified 300 miRNAs in this notorious rice insect pest. Microarray analysis yielded 54 differentially expressed miRNAs during metamorphosis development. Target prediction and in vitro dualluciferase assays confirmed that seven miRNAs (two conserved and five novel miRNAs) jointly targeted three Halloween genes in the ecdysteroid biosynthesis pathway. Overexpression of these seven miRNAs reduced the titer of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), induced mortality, and retarded development, which could be rescued by treatment with 20E. Comparative analysis indicated that the miRNA regulation of metamorphosis development is a conserved process but that the miRNAs involved are highly divergent. In all, we present evidence that both conserved and lineage-specific miRNAs have crucial roles in regulating development in insects by controlling ecdysteroid biosynthesis, which is important for ensuring developmental convergence and evolutionary diversity.

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Genome‐wide screening for components of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro‐RNA (miRNA) pathways in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Cited by 104 publications

References 70 publications

Identification and comparison of key RNA interference machinery from western corn rootworm, fall armyworm, and southern green stink bug

Identification and comparison of key RNA interference machinery from western corn rootworm, fall armyworm, and southern green stink bug

Small Interfering RNA Pathway Modulates Initial Viral Infection in Midgut Epithelium of Insect after Ingestion of Virus

Multiple miRNAs jointly regulate the biosynthesis of ecdysteroid in the holometabolous insects, Chilo suppressalis

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