Abstract:Trait tagging through molecular markers is an important molecular breeding tool for crop improvement. SSR markers encoded by functionally relevant parts of a genome are well suited for this task because they may be directly related to traits. However, a limited number of these markers are known for Musa spp. Here, we report 35136 novel functionally relevant SSR markers (FRSMs). Among these, 17,561, 15,373 and 16,286 FRSMs were mapped in-silico to the genomes of Musa acuminata, M. balbisiana and M. schizocarpa,… Show more
“…A similar sort of studies were done in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sp. (Lawson et al 2006), Brassica rapa (Hong et al 2007), Musa paradisiaca (Biswas et al 2020); bovid sp. (Qi et al 2018); Leishmania, Drosophila sp., avian and primates' fauna (Srivastava et al 2019), and Moschus sp.…”
“…A similar sort of studies were done in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sp. (Lawson et al 2006), Brassica rapa (Hong et al 2007), Musa paradisiaca (Biswas et al 2020); bovid sp. (Qi et al 2018); Leishmania, Drosophila sp., avian and primates' fauna (Srivastava et al 2019), and Moschus sp.…”
“…Developments in sequencing techniques have not only helped researchers devise molecular markers but also paved the way to explore genetic diversity in different plant species. The world's largest germplasm collection of bananas has been maintained at Biodiversity International Transit Centre (ITC), Belgium [31]. Diversity arrays technology (DArT) was employed for the selection of carotenoid-rich bananas, thus helping out to promote nutrient-enriched bananas [32].…”
Tropical plants are an integral part of the ecosystem and are of significance for the well-being of humanity. Since their domestication in 10,000 BC, conventional breeding has played a crucial role in their conservation and widespread adaptation worldwide. Advancements in multi-omics approaches, that is, genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, whole genome sequencing, and annotation, have led to the identification of novel genes involved in crucial metabolic pathways, thus helping to develop tropical plant varieties with desirable traits. Information retrieved from the pan-genome, super-pan-genome, and pan-transcriptome has further uplifted marker-assisted selection and molecular breeding. Tissue culture techniques have not only helped to conserve endangered plant species but have also opened up new avenues in terms of mass-scale propagation of ornamental plants. Transgenic technology is increasingly contributing to the betterment of tropical plants, and different plant species have been engineered for valuable traits. Likewise, genome editing is appearing to be a promising tool to develop tropical plants having the potential to fulfill future needs. Hence, this chapter highlights the importance of conventional and modern scientific approaches for the conservation and improvement of tropical plant species.
“…Such intergeneric and interspecific markers aid in diversity analysis and help generate genomic SSRs in the target crops with limited genetic information [ 220 , 221 ]. Recently RADseq, DARTseq and GBS (Based on NGS technology) provide high genome coverage and accuracy for genetic analysis [ 222 ].…”
Section: Genomic Assisted Breeding Strategies In Tropical Fruit Cropsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Functionally relevant SSR markers (FRSMs) were developed for germplasm characterization, genetic diversity studies and comparative mapping in Musa spp. and other monocot species [ 222 ]. Evaluation of 100 Indian musa accessions for nine mineral elements in their fresh fruit pulp (FFP) demonstrated genetic variability of 4.7-fold for K (Potassium) and Mg (Magnesium) and 111.1-fold for Ca (Calcium).…”
Section: Genomic Assisted Breeding Strategies In Tropical Fruit Cropsmentioning
The breeding of tropical fruit trees for improving fruit traits is complicated, due to the long juvenile phase, generation cycle, parthenocarpy, polyploidy, polyembryony, heterozygosity and biotic and abiotic factors, as well as a lack of good genomic resources. Many molecular techniques have recently evolved to assist and hasten conventional breeding efforts. Molecular markers linked to fruit development and fruit quality traits such as fruit shape, size, texture, aroma, peel and pulp colour were identified in tropical fruit crops, facilitating Marker-assisted breeding (MAB). An increase in the availability of genome sequences of tropical fruits further aided in the discovery of SNP variants/Indels, QTLs and genes that can ascertain the genetic determinants of fruit characters. Through multi-omics approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics, the identification and quantification of transcripts, including non-coding RNAs, involved in sugar metabolism, fruit development and ripening, shelf life, and the biotic and abiotic stress that impacts fruit quality were made possible. Utilizing genomic assisted breeding methods such as genome wide association (GWAS), genomic selection (GS) and genetic modifications using CRISPR/Cas9 and transgenics has paved the way to studying gene function and developing cultivars with desirable fruit traits by overcoming long breeding cycles. Such comprehensive multi-omics approaches related to fruit characters in tropical fruits and their applications in breeding strategies and crop improvement are reviewed, discussed and presented here.
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