Genome wide identification and comparative analysis of glutathione transferases (GST) family genes in Brassica napus

Abstract

Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes that play important roles in plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. However, a systematic analysis of GST family members in Brassica napus has not yet been reported. In this study, we identified 179 full-length GST genes in B . napus , 44.2% of which are clustered on various chromosomes. In addition, we identified 141 duplicated GST gene pairs in B . napus . Molecular evolutionary analysis showed that speciation and whole-genome triplication played important roles in the divergence of the B . napus GST duplicated genes. Transcriptome analysis of 21 tissues at different developmental stages showed that 47.6% of duplicated GST gene pairs have divergent expression patterns, perhaps due to structural divergence. We constructed a GST gene coexpression network with genes encoding various transcription factors (NAC, MYB, WRKY and bZIP) and identified six modules, including genes expressed during late seed development (after 40 days; BnGSTU19 , BnGSTU20 and BnGSTZ1 ) and in the seed coat ( BnGSTF6 and BnGSTF12 ), stamen and anther ( BnGSTF8 ), root and stem ( BnGSTU21 ), leaves and funiculus, as well as during the late stage of pericarp development (after 40 days; BnGSTU12 and BnGSTF2 ) and in the radicle during seed germination ( BnGSTF14 , BnGSTU1 , BnGSTU28 , and BnGSTZ1 ). These findings lay the foundation for elucidating the roles of GSTs in B . napus .

A Genome-Wide Survey of MATE Transporters in Brassicaceae and Unveiling Their Expression Profiles under Abiotic Stress in Rapeseed

“…Of the 101,040 genes in the B. napus genome, 997 genes (0.99%) appeared to have undergone tandem duplication and 74,183 genes (73.4%) appeared to have undergone WGD or segmental duplication ( Table S4 ), which showed less tandem duplication and more WGD or segmental duplication compared with the results of a previous study [ 40 ]. Furthermore, 113 out of 124 BnaMATE genes (91.1%) were derived from WGD or segmental duplication, which was a number slightly larger than the average percentage at the whole-genome level (73.4%).…”

Comprehensive analyses of the annexin (ANN) gene family in Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and Brassica napus reveals their roles in stress response

“…However, most of the duplicated ANN genes were retained after the whole-genome duplication (WGD) event in B. napus. WGD event of gene family appears to be a widespread phenomenon, such as the auxin response factor (ARF) 47 , Auxin/Indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) 48 , glutathione transferases (GST) 49 , BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1) 50 , Heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs) 51,52 , GRAS 53 family genes in diploid and allopolyploid Brassicaceae and Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPK) 54 , Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) 55 and Nuclear factor YB (NF-YB) 56 in diploid and allopolyploid Gossypium species (G. raimondii: DD genome; G. arboretum: AA genome; G. hirsutum: AADD genome). Among the 51 Brassica ANN genes, 35 were the typical ANN, which encoded proteins ranging from 315-325 amino acids (AA) and contained four annexin repeats.…”

Flufenacet activity is affected by GST inhibitors in blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) populations with reduced flufenacet sensitivity and higher expression levels of GSTs

“…The regulation of GST expression in weeds has so far only been described in a limited number of detailed studies (Brazier-Hicks et al 2018;Wei et al 2019). There is, however, evidence that posttranscriptional modifications play a role in resistance-related gene expression (Nandula et al 2019;Tétard-Jones et al 2018).…”