Genome-wide identification and characterization of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes family in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Abstract

BackgroundGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a central enzyme in glycolysi, we performed genome-wide identification of GAPDH genes in wheat and analyzed their structural characteristics and expression patterns under abiotic stress in wheat.ResultsA total of 22 GAPDH genes were identified in wheat cv. Chinese spring; the phylogenetic and structure analysis showed that these GAPDH genes could be divided into four distinct subfamilies. The expression profiles of GAPDH genes showed tissue specificity all over plant development stages. The qRT-PCR results revealed that wheat GAPDHs were involved in several abiotic stress response.ConclusionsWheat carried 22 GAPDH genes, representing four types of plant GAPDHs (gapA/B, gapC, gapCp and gapN). Whole genome duplication and segmental duplication might account for the expansion of wheat GAPDHs. Expression analysis implied that GAPDHs play roles in plants abiotic stress tolerance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2527-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Ca2+/Cation Antiporters (CaCA): Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…Genome-wide analysis established that the TaCaCA genes were derived from each subgenomes of T. aestivum as reported in case of other gene families (Shumayla et al, 2016a,b; Zeng et al, 2016). A total of 10 (5 TaCAX, 2 TaCCX, 2 TaNCL, and 1 TaMHX), 10 (4 TaCAX, 3 TaCCX, 2 TaNCL, and 1 TaMHX) and 14 (5 TaCAX, 5 TaCCX, 3 TaNCL, and 1 TaMHX) genes were located on A, B, and D subgenomes, respectively (Figure 1A).…”

“…Since the land plants are evolved from a common ancestor (McClung, 2010), they are found to be evolutionary related in the form of orthologous genes. The orthology of various other gene families of T. aestivum has also been earlier established with several land plants (Zeng et al, 2016; Shumayla et al, 2016a,b). …”

“…Due to the composite allohexaploid (AABBDD) nature of genome, each progenitor diploid subgenome has contributed in the composition of various gene families in T. aestivum (Shumayla et al, 2016a,b; Zeng et al, 2016). Majority of genes are derived from homeologous chromosome groups from A, B, and D subgenomes, and those are considered as homeologous genes in various studies.…”

“…The expression analysis is a method to predict the putative function of an unknown gene (Zeng et al, 2016). Further, CaCA superfamily genes are also reported to play vital role in plant development (Shaul et al, 1999; Cheng et al, 2005; Wang et al, 2012; Pittman and Hirschi, 2016b).…”

“…The unavailability of genomic information, composite nature of genome and complexity in application of modern functional genomics tools could be the probable reason for the same. In recent years, the genome sequence and numerous development and stress related high throughput RNA sequence data have been available from T. aestivum (IWGSC, 2014; Zhang et al, 2014b, 2016; Liu Z. et al, 2015; Pingault et al, 2015), which enabled the genome wide characterization of various gene families (Shumayla et al, 2016a,b; Zeng et al, 2016). Since the CaCA proteins are involved in several vital functions from development to stress response, there characterization becomes essential in an important food crop like T. aestivum .…”